Managing Finance Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Overseeing Finance - Research Paper Example Proportion examination is the huge instrument for researching the money related execution of the organization. It helps in investigating the budget reports and the bookkeeping proportions help with knowing the company’s monetary position. The proportions are additionally basic for assessing the proficiency of the organization comparable to its administration and activities. Based on the proportion examination, organizations figure their tentative arrangements. By doing the investigation of various proportions, organizations come to realize how well they are proceeding when contrasted with earlier years just as to its rivals (Khan and Jain, 2007). The benefit proportions connote whether the business resources are being used successfully so as to produce sensible income. The liquidity proportions help with deciding if the association is fit for satisfying the money related necessities in present moment. The proficiency proportions mean the level to which the benefits have been e quipped for making deals. Budgetary influence proportions investigate the monetary development of the organization. Speculation proportions help the speculators to settle on their basic choices. A numerical examination is done by computing various proportions, for example, productivity, liquidity, effectiveness, speculation, money related, and income proportions just as on the Z-Score to perceive the presentation of both the organizations for the year 2012 and 2013. The numerical examination shows that Ooredoo Telecom is considered as the more fluid organization while the benefit proportions of Zain Telecom are higher.

Gay and Lesbian Visibility in Movies and Television :: essays research papers fc

The 1990s saw flood of gay characters in both TV and motion pictures. From Ellen Degeneres and her character Ellen Morgan coming out under much investigation on the TV show ‘Ellen,’ to Julia Roberts and Rupert Everett comedically playing off one another in the film ‘My Best Friend’s Wedding.’ Sure, gays and lesbians have been around perpetually, particularly in Hollywood. Be that as it may, never has there been an opportunity to be progressively out. With the prominence of shows like Will and Grace, which highlight driving gay characters, just as Dawson’s Creek and it’s supporting character of youngster Jack McPhee, we are gradually observing gay and lesbian characters crawling into the prevailing press.      The nuclear family has consistently been a prized and venerated dynamic on TV and in motion pictures. Dating right back to I Love Lucy, storylines concentrated on the connection among man and lady. Ozzie and Harriet acquainted us with the quintessential American familyâ€father in a suit, mother in pearls, and two uncommon kids. It wasn’t until the 1970s that gay characters and ways of life started to rise. In 1973, An American Family, a PBS arrangement included one of the family’s children uncovering his homosexuality. In 1977, the TV program Soap costarred Billy Crystal as a straightforwardly gay man. During the 1980s, it got stylish to highlight gay and lesbian characters in troupe throws. In the event that you watch reruns, you can generally locate the token gay, that is, the truly flaring homo or the butch lesbian exercise center instructor. The movie Mannequin, featuring Andrew McCarthy and Kim Catrall, highlighted Meshach Taylor as Hollywood, an erratic, finger-snapping gay. Numerous generalizations, for example, these proceeded until the mid nineties.      In 1991, on LA Law, two ladies share the main same sex kiss on prime time TV. A couple of years after the fact, NBC’s hit show FRIENDS included Ross Gellar’s ex as a lesbian, coming down a kid with her female accomplice. Simultaneously, the FOX organize blue-penciled a gay same sex kiss on Melrose Place, a show known for pushing limits. Around a similar time, blue pencils and conservative gatherings were quite agitated over a kiss shared by Roseanne and Mariel Hemmingway. At long last, that kiss was additionally edited. Yet, things were gradually advancing in the motion pictures. Free movies had been including gays and lesbians as principle characters, portraying reality and genuine connections. Armistead Maupin’s Tales of The City spun around a homo-hetero blending.

My Content Marketing Research Process - Focus

My Content Marketing Research Process - Focus During one of my interviews for the role of Buffer’s first Content Crafter, Buffer co-founder Leo asked me how much content I thought I could produce in a week. I thought about the kind of content he’d been producing for the Buffer blog, and my own writing process, and guessed that if everything went well, I should be able to create one article per dayâ€"or five in a week. Not once did I ever write five articles in a weekâ€"at Buffer or anywhere else. I don’t know what strange ideas made me think I could write a full article in a day, every day. Probably the planning fallacy, which makes us all chronically underestimate how long our tasks will take. One time I did manage to write four articles for Buffer in a week, but I was mentally exhausted when that week was over. So, with a little background, you now know why three articles per week is my preferred schedule. With a regular roster of freelance clients needing new content for their blogs, and my own software company needing content marketing, there’s no shortage of work for me to do. Because I’m doing the same type of work so consistently, I’ve been able to come up with a process that works for me. I’ve adjusted this over time, but so far this is the most efficient way I’ve found to plan, research, and outline new articles. Collecting ideas I try to collect ideas before I need them. Whenever it’s time to plan the next few articles for a client or one of my own blogs, I dread being stuck with a sheet of blank paper. It’s much easier to have lots of ideas to bounce off, even if I don’t use any of them. I use RSS feeds to keep up with blogs I like and find new ideas. RSS has been the most consistent way for me to keep up with new content, especially from bigger media sites or blogs that publish often. RSS works like an email inboxâ€"everything’s there waiting for you, and it won’t disappear until you mark it as read. Unlike social media feeds, I never miss articles from my favorite blogs, and I never come up short for something new to read. I use Larder, a bookmarking tool from my own company, to save articles or research papers that might come in handy later. Even if I don’t have a specific article idea in mind, I try to hang onto any research that I might want to use in the future. I tag everything I save so I can easily search for a topic months later when I’m writing about it, and find everything I’ve previously saved that might be useful. I also use MeisterTask to save specific ideas for articles I might write in the future. Often I’ll see an article or a study that sparks an idea, and create a new card in MeisterTask for the article, with the link as a comment so I can use that original article or paper when I get around to writing. MeisterTask’s visual layout is really handy for separating my ideas. I use different columns for different types of topics, like productivity, startups and freelancing, or health and fitness. Then, when I’m brainstorming article topics for a client or blog, I can look through only the columns that are a good fit for that audience, rather than looking through my entire list of ideas, even though lots of them are irrelevant. The content marketing research process Once I’ve chosen an article topic, the main chunk of my pre-writing phase is research. In almost every case, I follow a very similar pattern that goes like this: Open and read any links I’ve saved with the topic idea Rough out in my head what angle I want to take, so I know what research to look for Start googling Skim everything I find that might be useful, cull anything I don’t want to use Repeat steps 3 and 4 until I have enough useful material Read and take notes Let’s break down that process a bit more. First, it makes sense to start with any articles or research papers that inspired the idea. I reread anything I saved along with my topic idea, and remind myself of the original inspiration. This also helps me figure out what angle I want to take for the topic. For instance, I’ve approached the topic of remote working from various angles in the past, and there are likely more angles I haven’t thought of yet: How to find the perfect remote working setup for you When remote doesn’t work How to build strong relationships in a remote team 3 commonly overlooked problems with remote working, and how to overcome them So there are usually multiple angles I could take, and I need to figure out which one I like best before starting my research. Having said that, I’ll sometimes find some awesome information during my research that makes me switch angle. But I like to have at least a rough idea of what I’m looking for before starting my content marketing research. Next, I start searching. I usually start out with simple Google searches, looking for any articles that sound useful. Later, if I’m looking for links to studies specifically, I’ll use the same search terms in scholar.google.com to find research papers. I always look for sources I know are reliable. If I’m looking for stories of personal experiences, personal blogs are perfect. But if I’m looking for psychological research, however, I’ll look for reputable scientific publishers. If I’m ever not sure whether I can trust a site, I’ll take a look at an article and make sure it has sources to back up its points. Then I’ll check out the original sources for myself to see if they are reliable, and if they’ve been represented accurately in the article I found. Whenever possible, I rely on original sources rather than other people’s representations of the original information. Plan to perfection. Get started with MeisterTask Its free! Get started with MeisterTask I go through the same process over and over: I open any links in my search results that seem useful, skim through them, and leave open only the ones I want to come back to. If I open a link and find an article that doesn’t back up its claims, or doesn’t offer anything unique on the topic I’m researching, I close it and move on. I might open eight links, skim them all, and only keep two. Then I repeat the same process. This time, I might open six new links, and keep four. Eventually, when I feel I have enough information in all the links that made the cut, I get down to the business of reading and note-taking. This is the part of my process I’ve changed the most. Initially I had a very inefficient setup where I would constantly switch back and forth between the articles I was reading, and my rough draft. You might have heard of this idea in school: to ensure you’ve learned an idea, rather than simply memorized it, write it down in your own words, instead of copying it straight from a book. I use this approach in my writing. I read an idea in an article or paper, then I write it in my draft straight from memory, adding my own style as I go. This is the main thing people like about my articles: I read and understand the information, then explain it as clearly as I can. But, of course, I always have to copy quotes exactly, or check that the information I’ve written from memory is correct, or refresh my memory when I can’t remember exactly what I wanted to write. So I was forever switching context: reading, thinking, writing, fact-checking, writing, reading. It was not only inefficient, it was frustrating. I used to dread drafting articles, because it didn’t feel like writing at all. There was no flow. Recently, I came up with a new approach. This one takes a bit longer, but it makes the process of drafting an article less painful, and a little quicker. What I do now is bust out a paper notebook and a bunch of colored pens and highlighters. As I read, I create sketchnotesâ€"notes full of doodles that explain the concepts I’m writing about. Studies have shown handwriting notes and drawing both help us memorize better than taking notes on a computer. Plus, creating sketchnotes is really fun. This is definitely the most fun process I’ve found for researching. It also means the information seems to stick in my head a lot better. I often flip back through my notes while drafting to check facts, copy out quotes, or remind myself of points I wanted to cover, but the context switching is a lot less painful than scrolling through a bunch of articles to find what I’m looking for. And I don’t have to check my notes as often as I used to. These days, drafting an article is a more relaxing process, which makes for higher quality work. Creating an outline Finally, when all my content marketing research is done, I create an outline. I’ve written articles without outlines in the past, and always found it’s more difficult, and they often just end up in a mess while I’m writing. An outline, for me, usually doesn’t have a lot of structure, but just enough that it stops me from wandering off on tangents while I’m writing. I always start with a (very rough) working title. This is important, as it gives me an idea of the main point of writing the article in the first place. It tells me why this article would be interesting to a reader, and what would make them click on it if they saw the headline in their Twitter stream or Facebook feed. After the title, I write out very descriptive subheadings for each of the main sections of the articleâ€"usually between three and six sections. While super-descriptive subheadings don’t work for the style of every blog, they help me enormously during the drafting process in the same way a working title does: they remind me of the point of each section, and help me to steer my writing in the right direction. Finally, each section of the article will get a few words or sentences on what I want to cover. For instance, for this very article, in the first section on collection ideas, I wrote this in my outline: rss larder meistertask That was it. But it was enough for me to know what I’d planned to cover, and make sure I didn’t miss anything. I don’t always stick perfectly to an outline, but I rely on it to give me a framework to work within as I start the very messy, rough process of a first draft. And finally… the writing. Well, that’s a whole other post (or perhaps a whole book). But I’ve always found the pre-writing phase of creating new articles is the most mysterious, so hopefully I’ve illuminated my own process for you somewhat! Organize your content marketing. Use MeisterTask Its free! Use MeisterTask

Market Audit and Competitive Market Analysis - 5771 Words

III. Market Audit and Competitive Market Analysis Guideline I. Introduction The marketing audit is a fundamental part of the marketing planning process. It is conducted not only at the beginning of the process, but also at a series of points during the implementation of the plan. The marketing audit considers both internal and external influences on marketing planning, as well as a review of the plan itself. II. The product Collection Topshop is all about refusing to be pigeonholed. Each customer is an individual and relies on the brand to deliver everything from basics to cutting-edge trends. It’s the broad spectrum of ever-changing co lections that keep Topshop ahead of the style game. Mainline Topshop’s Mainline range†¦show more content†¦The District is known to be one of the best places to shop for clothing, accessories, cosmetics and shoes for low prices. Many clothing companies manufacture their clothing in the Fashion District, such as American Apparel and Andrew Christian. Fashion District, Pico Santee The Fashion District also features Santee Alley, a heavily populated back alley shopping path between Maple and Santee Streets, stretching from Olympic Boulevard to Pico Boulevard. This alley is notorious for being home to a large concentration of counterfeiters trying to sell a variety of faux designer goods, ripped DVDs, and other stolen or bootleg items. Similarly, the alley is also known for its illegal trade in live animals, which has been criticized by animal rights activists as cruel. Despite this, there are also many reputable and honest merchants in the alley. 1. Geographical region(s) The product will be introduced in Los Angeles which is the most populous city in California and the second most populous in the United States, with a population of 3.8 million on a land area of 498.3 square miles (1,290.6 km2). 2. Forms of transportation and communication available in that (those) region(s) Freeways and Highways The city and the rest of the Los Angeles metropolitan area is served by an extensive network of freeways and highways. Despite the congestion in the city, the mean travel time for commuters in Los Angeles is shorter than other major cities, including New YorkShow MoreRelatedMarket Audit and Competitive Market Analysis4258 Words   |  18 PagesMarket Audit and Competitive Market Analysis Executive summary The lack of access to mosquito nets and coils and to sanitation systems are central public health concerns, globally and in Rwanda. No single intervention has greater overall impact upon national development and public health than does the provision of mosquito nets and coils. Inadequate mosquito nets and coils contribute to 70 percent of diseases in Rwanda. In 2000, 40% of outpatient visits to health facilities were for malaria andRead MoreMarketing Audit933 Words   |  4 Pagesmarketing audit is not unlike a financial audit in that it helps the organisations to examine progress or lack of process towards the goals. A marketing audit is an evaluation of the marketing within an organisation to see if their strategies in place are effective within the marketing environment. There is an â€Å"internal and external† form of audits. The internal audit assists with considering the effectiveness of the marketing strategies in place at the time of the audit. The â€Å"external† audit considersRead MoreA Marketing Plan For A New Marketing Strategy966 Words   |  4 Pagesset manner. 4.0: Marketing Audit A market audit process is a tool that can never be neglected despite the situation. However, very few companies carry out comprehensive audit understanding of their various operations. As a result, this has presented big margins between companies that constantly integrate market audit in their operations and those that do not (Wilson, 2002). Moreover, it is evident that efficient marketing managers need to appreciate market audit significance to the company’s effectiveRead MoreMarketing Plan Structure Acc to Jobber1628 Words   |  7 PagesSummary 3. Business Mission 4. External Marketing Audit Macroenvironment The Market Competition 5. Internal Marketing Audit Operating Results Strategic Issues Analysis Marketing Mix Effectiveness Marketing Structures and Systems 6. SWOT Analysis 7. Marketing Objectives Strategic Thrust Strategic Objectives 8. Core Strategy Target Market(s) Competitor Targets Competitive Advantage 9. Marketing Mix Decisions Product Read MoreMarketing Audit : The World s Top Hotel Administrator And Business Sector Essay1334 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent analysis on the role of market auditing and and market planning. 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This is important because there are a range of options available when creating a marketing strategy. Without these analytical processes I will not be able to identify, which strategy is appropriate. I am going to produce a SWOT analysis to find outRead MoreRetail Marketing Strategy786 Words   |  4 PagesRetail Marketing Strategy 1. What is retail strategy ? 2. How can retailer build a sustainable competitive advantage ? 3. What steps do retailers go through to develop a strategy ? 4. What different strategic growth opportunities can retailers pursue ? 5. What retailers are best positioned to become global retailers ? Retail Strategy - is a statement identifying.. Target Market - is the market segment(s) toward which the retailer plans to focus its resources and retail mix. Retail FormatRead MoreThe Marketing Audit - Download Ppt — Presentation Transcript1638 Words   |  7 PagesMore†¦ The Marketing Audit - Download PPT — Presentation Transcript †¢ 1. 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Why I Hate Group Projects - 1654 Words

Why I Hate Group Projects: A Memoire At this point in my educational career, I now possess a clear conversance of what my strengths and weaknesses are when it comes to successfully completing my courses. Though I believe myself to be a generally pleasant person and have never been one to shy away from social interactions—well, most of the time—working in a group, regardless of what the project may entail, has never been a skill set I embody for a plethora of reasons. Though it was no less than expected, being that the course’s title includes the words â€Å"Social Relationships and Groups,† I was truthfully more than a little disappointed to see our syllabus outline an upcoming group project and immediately started dreading the inevitable. That being said, I want to clarify that my distaste for working in groups is limited only to class assignments on which a substantial part of my grade depends. Past experiences (stretching far back from my middle and high school years to now entering my fourth year in university), however, aide to prove that for me, relying on others for my own academic success—however slight that dependence maybe and regardless of my relation to the one person or overall group—has never quite panned out agreeably in the end. Taking this into account, I solemnly decided to face this project with an open-mind and disassociate myself from preexisting prejudice towards group projects, which ultimately allowed for a slightly more pleasant experience than I firstShow MoreRelatedConservatism, By Moises Kaufman And The Tectonic Theater Project1722 Words   |  7 Pageswho oppose it to preserve a detestable status quo. The play The Laramie Project by Moises Kaufman and the Tectonic Theater Pro ject introduces some of those people who live in the quiet town of Laramie, Wyoming. It has been 18 years since the brutal murder of Matthew Shepard, a gay resident of Laramie. 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I figure since I am making money and I am able to go shopping freely and save for a vacation I am planning why fix something that is not broken. I am happy where I am with my job right now but I don’t think it’s where I want to be. Therefore, the side door I have not yet ope ned is applying to a retail job. A few towns over there is aRead MoreLaramie Project Review Essay example1584 Words   |  7 PagesA Death That Revealed the World’s Concealed View on Homosexuality The Laramie Project is a play written by Moises Kaufman and the members of Tectonic Theater Project. The play is based on the interviews of the citizens of Laramie about what’s happening in Laramie and their responses to the murder of Matthew. In addition to the various themes suggested by the play, the author wanted to present the varying perspectives toward homosexuality in the Laramie community at the time of Matthew’s deathRead MoreIslam And Muslim Will Be Used Interchangeably857 Words   |  4 PagesFor the purpose of this paper, Islam and Muslim will be used interchangeably. Islam and Muslim are words that are both used to represent the message and religion revealed to the Prophet Muhammad. As an example someone may say: I am a Muslim, my religion is Islam. Fear is a powerful motivator. In a human’s primitive subconscious mind, fear triggers a fight-or-flight response that allows us to react quickly to threats in our environment. As beings with highly developed brains however, we are capableRead MoreGeorge Cay Johnston And Investigative Columnist Wayne Barrett Essay842 Words   |  4 Pageshis own domain for almost 40 years, Donald Trump is accustomed to doing however he sees fit making major decisions. He doesn t listen to anybody by any stretch of the imagination, he s surely not listening to any individual who was on his crusade group who may have been instructing him to tone down his talk. So how might he listen to a multitude of counsels who were attempting to give him exhortation on local and outside arrangement, the military and the economy? He has a longing for the most partRead MoreSatire in 1984 and V for Vendetta1722 Words   |  7 PagesThey had begun a national project at Larkhill and, â€Å"At first, its believed to be a search for biological weapons and is pursued without regard to its cost. However, the true goal of this project is power; complete and total hegemonic domination...† (V is speaking to Inspector Finch). The political party had weaponized and unleashed a disease in the own public. This was done to create fear among the people. They then come in as the heroes, blaming it on religious groups. This ultimately gives them

Edgar Allan Poe Biography Free Essays

In the early 19th century when Poe lived, the United States was an important time for the foundation of literary development with national development. American literature has come to the American Romantic era by pursuing its own free expression based on the New World America. In my opinion, â€Å"The fall of the house of Usher† is a form that has a relatively realistic thinking about superstition and introduces a speaker who wants to think scientifically and shows the fantastic and bizarre experiences for the reader on behalf of the reader. We will write a custom essay sample on Edgar Allan Poe Biography or any similar topic only for you Order Now This novel is a representative novel that expresses the fantasy and mystery as the American romanticism literally. As well, the writer refers to â€Å"the exploration of human psychology and self† through the novel. He used the theme to create gruesome horror novels that stimulate fundamental fears among humans. First, let me introduce the characters in the novel. There are only three characters in the novel. The narrator (this novel is made up of the first person), Roderick Usher and Madeline Usher. In this novel, information about the narrator is given he is old friend of Roderick, and he visits the mansion because Roderick’s invitation. The narrator takes care of Roderick as a faithful friend, but the narrator isn’t directly involved in solving problems in the novel. He only observes Roderick and his sister and the environment. So, I think that the narrator is the reader, and the reader is the narrator. Next, Roderick is a major figure in this story. He suffers from morbidity. For example, he can only wear specific textures of clothing, and all the smells and all the light hurt him. Last, Roderick’s twin sister Madeline has long been Roderick’s companion, and she is Roderick’s second ANIMA. She suffers from alcohol and sleepwalking and doesn’t know the world around her at all. She has cataleptic that makes her helpless and has a deep effect on Roderick.Second, the conflict in the novel begins with Roderick and Madeline. Roderick was afraid of the impact he had on his sister so, he buries her alive. However, Madeline doesn’t die. Instead, she comes back to take revenge on Roderick who tried to kill her. When she kills him, the conflict between the two reaches its peak. The mansion collapse centrally the crack line when Madeline and Roderick died. I think this scene fights who will take the â€Å"I† and eventually succumbs to fighting both selves and losing â€Å"I† The writer warns readers that if they lose their self, they become like RoderickThird, the setting of the novel is Usher’s mansion, southern Paris, France. Overall, the mansion is gloomy. For example, according to the story, the narrator describes the house as resembling the image of a face or a skull with eye-like windows, and hair of fungus. This depressing house shape gives a supernatural atmosphere. This mansion refers Roderick’s ego as well. There is a â€Å"crack line† in the middle of the mansion exterior. This crack line suggests that Roderick’s ego is separated into two anima of Roderick and Madeline. As the relationship between the characters deteriorates, the crack line becomes longer and later, the crack line helps to collapse the house. This expression shows Roderick’s self is falling down.Next, the novel mood is totally terrifying. Because Poe’s expression is the Gothic interior in the house, including the desolate environment around the mansion, creating a horror atmosphere. According to the story, â€Å"Another servant, of quiet step, led me without a word through many dark turnings to the room of his master. I don’t know how to do that, I have already spoken. While the objects around me – the dark wall coverings, the blackness of the floors †¦Ã¢â‚¬  Before the start of the novel, the author suggests that this novel isn’t a normal story by quoting one of Pierre Bà ©ranger’s poem â€Å"Le Refus†. † During the whole of a dull, dark, and soundless day in the autumn of the year, when the clouds hung oppressively low in the heavens †¦ † As well, the speaker reads Roderick’s Gothic novel, it overlaps the sound of the Madeline coffin splitting up from the basement. This scene made the novel more terrifying.As I said before, the author referred to â€Å"the exploration of human psychology and self† through novels. He was worried that he would have psychosis when he was alive. I think that the author seems to express his insecurity about his psychological feelings and the consideration about his anima through this novel.As for me, this novel was interested. Actually, I’m not first to read this book. Because I like reading mystery authors’ novels such as Arthur Conan Doyle, Agatha Christie, and Miyabe Miyuki, including Edgar Allan Poe. When I read many novels, I found out that even the same mystery novelist has different writing style. Poe focuses primarily on human self and psychology. Especially, this book has a humanistic and psychological plot and a gothic atmosphere. I think that these make the novel more horrific, impressive fantastic and sensual. As I mentioned earlier, the main theme of this novel is â€Å"the quest for human psychology and self†. I think it is important to find self. Because, by looking for the self, it makes it exist as â€Å"I† and it also makes me don’t forget about myself. If you lose â€Å"I†, your self will fall down like the end of a novel. It was very impressive that I could read the traces of the author’s thought through the novel. How to cite Edgar Allan Poe Biography, Papers

High School Education free essay sample

Education is perhaps the most important endeavor a person can attempt in their life. Studies show those who have a post high school degree of some kind will earn considerably more during their working years than those who don’t. Therefore the many young adults who don’t have a high school degree will be crippled in becoming successful in our workforce. In today’s society this has become a major problem in creating a better country as a whole. The ‘hard times’ that many people may have could be prevented by more preparation and education for the future simply because more education leads to greater success. Our schooling system needs to be confronted in providing a better education so that our children will bloom and create a better, more intelligent nation than today. Dropping out of high school puts people in a extenuating circumstance for the rest of their life. We will write a custom essay sample on High School Education or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Without a high school education it basically cripples you in achieving success for yourself in the future. This widespread of dropouts and failures not only effects themselves but also the world around them by decreasing economic growth. â€Å"Conclusions shows that economic growth is directly related to education in each country. Investing in education rapidly grows economies and raises the average level of employment. † (Breton) Though many classes may seem inapplicable to the work force or a future career, there are skills developed such as group work, critical thinking, and exposure to disciplines that one would not otherwise study offers the potential for personal growth not found in everyday life and experience. This personal growth that is developed only through school proves that everyone must have a high school education. To create a better workforce and way of life I propose to enact federal policies and requirements for our schooling system. These policies would include more financial aid, and imply less inflexibility for high school students. â€Å"The federal role in education is limited. Because of the Tenth amendment, most education policy is decided at the state and local levels. † (Policy Overview) Changing from state to federal would be the first part of my solution. With the change in rule there would also be the policies enacted to ensure a better education. More financial aid would go to the school and students to provide a better education. From this financial you can expect higher teacher salaries, more teaching jobs, and a better learning environment. Implying less inflexibility for high school students could be many things. One would be having no states test to graduate, and instead have comprehensive exams by the school to test the knowledge and skills of their students. Also have the school to use teachers and counselors to be more involved in each students life for the struggles they may be having concerning necessities and school. Our high school education system is clearing not working and needs to be refined. The amount of people being able graduate needs to improve so that our nation as a whole can grow. By using my solution to this problem you can see a much better education system. The State role would be changed, and there would be a completely different education system to ensure everyone people graduate from high school. There would be no student failures, and dropouts from the policies enacted by a federal not state rule. From this you can see higher graduation rates leading to more economic growth for our country. â€Å"America found its growth hormone after the Second World War in the incredible educational success of the GI Bill. †(Bencini) Studies in education have proven that more education and reform leads to economic success and growth. My proposal to this problem would reform and create our society better as a whole, and make a more intelligent or sufficient world than today. Education is perhaps the most important endeavor a person can attempt, and dropping out of high school puts people in a extenuating circumstance for the rest of their life. This leads to less economic growth and higher unemployment rates that deprave our economy. To create a better workforce and way of life I propose to enact federal policies and requirements for our schooling system. This include more financial aid, and more inflexibility towards our school systems. We need to call for our politicians to improve our schooling system because the cause and effects of students not completing school leads to failure and less success. From more education leads to greater success so the key role in our nations future is our youths education. Works Cited

Katy pery roar free essay sample

The song I chose to analyze is â€Å"Roar† sung by Katy Perry. Dr. Luke and Bonnie McKee wrote the lyrics. She is a fabulous singer and is only 29 years old. She is an American award-winning singer, songwriter, businesswoman, philanthropist, sex symbol, and actress from Santa Barbara. She is the first female artist to have five number one singles on the U. S. Billboard Hot 100 from one album. Roar is a song about being able to finally speak up for yourself. † It’s an empowerment stomper about transforming oneself from a passive being to a fiery person who can stand up for his or herself. The song has given much hope to many and relays a message of courage and strength. Many groups have used it as their theme song as well as dying teens and people with disabilities. Katy even had a contest on Good Morning America for high schools to interpret the song and she selected the best interpretation and sang the song live for them at their school. We will write a custom essay sample on Katy pery roar or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The winning school produced a video, which showed the entire school coming together and working as a team to show school spirit. Katy selected them because it demonstrated cohesiveness of the student body and organization. It encompassed every student showing that they have the courage to work together as a group to form a strong common bond. In analyzing the lyrics of the song, Katy said, â€Å"Roar is a song that I sing to really stand up for myself, finally, and hopefully people are going to adopt that same message. † I stood for nothing, so I fell for everything† can mean she didn’t have something to believe in and strive for, she would fall for anything including things people said. In the pre chorus it says, â€Å"You held me down, but I got up (hey! Already brushing off the dust,† means her enemies, ex husband or musical obstacles, pinned her to the ground, preventing her from reaching her highest potential. Except it didn’t last. As soon as she breaks free, she’s already ready to lash back with both her claws, and her voice. In the chorus the words are â€Å"I got the eye of the tiger, a fighter Dancing through the fire Cause I am a champion, and you’re gonna hear me roar Louder, louder than a lion Cause I am a champion, and you’re gonna hear me roar! † This could mean that she is a fighter trying to survive and she gives an example of a tiger because that’s what a tiger does. She is fighting to take her life back from her abuser. She has had enough of the abuse and realizes she deserves so much better. The next part means to have fun while doing it. The next stanza is when she finally gets through her struggles. She is screaming from excitement. In verse two her first line is â€Å" I’m floating like a butterfly, this is personification. She is happy now and flying free. At last she is free from the hardships that have left her grounded. In the lines: â€Å"I guess that I forgot I had a choice. I let you push me past the breaking point. I stood for nothing, so I fell for everything† Katy describes how many victims feel in abusive relationships. Katy uses different writing techniques in the song. As previously mentioned she uses personification. She uses some rhyming as in the lines, â€Å"You hear my voice, you hear that sound, Like thunder gonna shake the ground. † This can be interpreted as when she finally gets angry enough she will yell (or roar) and it will be loud enough so every one will hear her. â€Å"Stinging like a bee, I earned my stripes† is an example of a metaphor. She shows that she can rebound and stand tall when others are not expecting it. She won’t be timid and invisible and will demonstrate that she can be strong when least expected. The tune to the song is very upbeat. Katy starts singing it rather slow, softly and monophonic. When she sings about how she is going to fight back and not take it anymore, the music becomes louder as if she is roaring for the world to hear. The strophic post chorus, â€Å"You’re gonna hear me roar† is repeated as her way of telling her audience of how she is going to react to the situations she gets in. She is going to fight to defeat anything that will be detrimental to her and when she does win, she will scream so everyone will know she is the winner. This song is significant to me because it shows that all people, including celebrities, when they have a hard time with something, can get through it. This means that anyone can put his/her heart out to change and fight and want to do it. I know that I have had many obstacles and challenges in my life in which I have fought to overcome, so today instead of hiding, I am roaring.

Best Crucible Act 2 Summary

Best Crucible Act 2 Summary SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Act 2 of The Crucible takes us to the Proctor household, where we learn just how crazy things have gotten in Salem after the initial flood of accusations. We'll also find out the extent to which John Proctor's relationship with Elizabeth has suffered after his affair. By the end of Act 2, characters who were thought to be beyond reproach will find themselves in mortal peril as a result of unchecked hysteria. I'll provide two different summaries. The first is a short summary intended for quick review of the plot, and the second is a long summary (the "oops I didn't read it" summary) for those of you who want more specific details on exactly what happened, including smaller side conversations and minor plot points. The CrucibleAct 2 Summary - Short Version John and Elizabeth discuss the trials in Salem, and they both realize things are getting out of hand (though John still believes the court would never actually hang anyone). Elizabeth tells John he has to go into town and inform them that Abigail is lying. John’s hesitance leads to an argument rooted in his affair and the lack of trust that continues to pervade their marriage. Mary Warren, who went to Salem to testify against the Proctors’ wishes, returns to the house and gives Elizabeth a poppet (doll) she made in court. Mary reveals that Elizabeth was accused in court, but she spoke up in her defense. It’s clear that Abigail is accusing Elizabeth because she hopes to take her place as John Proctor’s wife. This leads to another argument where Elizabeth urges John to tell Abigail that there’s absolutely no possibility of them ever being together. Hale arrives and questions the Proctors about their religious devotion based on the accusations levied against Elizabeth. John tells him that the girls are frauds, and Hale actually starts to doubt the validity of the accusers’ claims. Giles Corey and Francis Nurse come to the house in distress, revealing that both of their wives have been arrested for witchcraft. Then, Ezekiel Cheever and Marshal Herrick arrive with a warrant for Elizabeth’s arrest. They find the doll that Mary gave her and notice that it has a needle stuck in it. This matches up with the â€Å"attack† on Abigail allegedly perpetrated by Elizabeth’s spirit. Proctor gets Mary to tell the truth about the doll. She says that she made it in court and stuck the needle in herself with Abigail sitting right next to her. However, the authorities are not convinced by this story. Proctor tears up the arrest warrant in frustration, but Elizabeth agrees to go peacefully. When everyone else has left, Proctor tells Mary that she must testify on Elizabeth’s behalf in court. Mary is terrified to do this because she knows that Abigail will turn the rest of the court against her. Proctor begins to feel a sort of relief because he senses that he and all the other hypocrites are finally being punished for their sins. Judgment, both internal and external, is a constant throughout The Crucible. The CrucibleAct 2 Summary - â€Å"Oops, I Didn’t Read It† Version Act 2 takes place at the Proctor household eight days after Act 1.Elizabeth Proctor serves John dinner, and they chat about his day.There’s some tension between them because of the lingering effects of John’s affair with Abigail. Elizabeth says that Mary Warren went to Salem that day, and John is angry because he forbid her to go.Elizabeth claims she tried to stop her, but Mary insisted on participating in the court proceedings. Elizabeth then reveals the full extent of the situation in Salem to John.Four judges have been summoned from Boston to preside over the trials, and fourteen people are jailed on accusations of witchcraft.Abigail has been exercising a great deal of power in court and continues to feign being attacked by witches.Elizabeth says John must go to Salem to tell the court that Abigail is a fraud.He has some reservations because it will be his word against hers.She thinks he wouldn’t be so hesitant to do this if he had to discredit a different girl.John gets angry that Elizabeth still won’t fully trust him around Abigail, and he feels liks he's always being judged.Elizabeth points out that it’s really his internal guilt about the affair that's making him feel judged. At this point, Mary arrives back from Salem appearing drained from the day’s proceedings.She gives Elizabeth a poppet (a rag doll, essentially) that she made in court.Mary tells the Proctors that there are now 39 people arrested.She breaks down and starts crying.Mary reveals that Goody Osburn is set to hang, but Sarah Good confessed, so she will live.Mary is genuinely convinced that Sarah Good tried to kill her by sending out her spirit.She then claims to remember other times that she was bewitched by Sarah Good.Sarah Good was ultimately condemned after being unable to recite her commandments. Mary insists on going back to court the next day because she feels that she’s doing God's work. JohnProctor tries to whip Mary for her insolence, but Mary interjects that she saved Elizabeth’s life by defending her against accusations in court.Proctor dismisses Mary.After this, Elizabeth is pretty sure that Abigail wants her dead.She thinks Abigail is trying to take her place as Proctor’s wife and will continue to accuse her until she is arrested.Proctor tries to allay these suspicions even though he knows that she’s probably right. Elizabeth insists that John go to Abigail and tell her explicitly that there is no possibility of them ever being together in the future.John gets angry (again) that Elizabeth presumes that he’s still attached to Abigail and is leading her on in some way. At this point, Reverend Hale arrives at the house to speak with the Proctors about the accusations made against Elizabeth.He has just come from questioning Rebecca Nurse, who was accused despite her solid reputation in town.Hale asks why John doesn’t go to church often, and he says it’s because his wife has been sick and he dislikes Parris’ displays of materialism.Hale asks Proctor to say his commandments, and, ironically, the only one he forgets is adultery.Hale is not satisfied. Elizabeth insists that John tell Hale that the girls are faking.After hearing what Proctor has to say, Hale starts to doubt the accusers as well.Still, Proctor balks at testifying in court because the atmosphere sounds so hysterical ("I falter nothing, but I may wonder if my story will be credited in such a court." pg. 65).Elizabeth says she actually doesn’t believe in witches at all, and Hale is taken aback because witches are specifically mentioned in the Bible. Giles Corey enters the house accompanied by Francis Nurse.They reveal to Hale and the Proctors that their wives have been arrested and sent to jail.Rebecca Nurse is suspected of murdering Ann Putnam’s babies.Hale says if Rebecca Nurse has fallen under the control of the Devil, no one is safe.Corey now realizes he made a mistake by voicing his suspicions about his wife’s reading habits in the previous act.The man who accused Martha Corey bought a pig from her that died soon after.He was bitter that Martha wouldn’t refund him the money, so to get revenge he accused her of casting spells with her books. Ezekiel Cheever and Marshal Herrick then arrive at the house.They have a warrant for Elizabeth Proctor’s arrest, and they confirm that she was accused by Abigail.Cheever orders Elizabeth to hand over any dolls she has in the house.Elizabeth is confused and says she hasn’t had dolls since she was a kid.She forgot about the one Mary gave her earlier, which Cheever sees and examines.John Proctor tells Elizabeth to go get Mary so she can confirm that the doll was a gift.Cheever finds a needle in the doll, which he takes as proof of Elizabeth’s guilt.Abigail fell on the floor screaming at dinner andpulled a needle out of her stomach, claiming that Elizabeth’s familiar spirit stabbed her. Mary and Elizabeth return, and Mary admits she made the doll in court while Abigail was sitting next to her.John Proctor thinks that this makes it pretty clear that Abigail is lying, but it’s not enough for Hale to discount the â€Å"proof.†Hale warns Mary that she’s making severe accusations against Abigail. Proctor is fed up with the court’s blind trust in Abigail and the other accusers.He rips up the arrest warrant and tells everyone to leave. Elizabeth sees that there is no way out of the current situation and agrees to go with the marshal to avoid a scene.John promises to bring her back soon and calls Hale a coward for being too passive about the situation.Hale counsels patience and reason so that they can get to the bottom of what’s really happening. Everyone exits the house except Mary and John Proctor.Proctor tells Mary she must testify in court about the real story behind the doll.She is concerned about Abigail’s potential reaction.Mary knows about the affair, and she thinks Abigail will come clean about it and ruin Proctor’s reputation if Mary tries to discredit her. Mary also believes that the court will turn against her if she tells the truth.Proctor is adamant that Elizabeth will not die for his mistakeswith Abigail and starts getting aggressive with Mary to scare her into telling the truth.Mary continues to insist that she can’t testify because of the potential consequences. Does your target always get stabbed with the same implement that you used to poke the voodoo doll? And does that mean you can only use voodoo dolls to give people you hate superficial puncture wounds? Luckily for Abigail, no one is in the right state of mind to care about how little sense all of this makes. The CrucibleAct 2 Quotes This section lists themost important quotes in Act 2. I've written short explanations for each that elaborate on their significance. â€Å"I have not moved from there to there without I think to please you, and still an everlasting funeral marches round your heart. I cannot speak but I am doubted, every moment judged for lies,as though I come into a court when I come into this house!† (John Proctor pg. 52) In this quote, John Proctor criticizes his wife for continuing to mistrust him after he ended things with Abigail.He claims that â€Å"an everlasting funeral marches round [her] heart,† meaning that she insists on continuing to mourn for the damage the affair did to their relationship rather than allowing him to repair it. He feels that Elizabeth is constantly suspicious of him now, to the point where he can’t do anything without being judged.In fact, Elizabeth doesn’t show many signs of being overly judgmental of John (she’s actually doing pretty well considering he just had an affair with a teenager), and most of these issues are a projection of his own guilt. â€Å"I do not judge you. The magistrate sits in your heart that judges you.† (Elizabeth Proctor pg. 52) The real court in Salem is mirrored by a metaphorical court within the mind of John Proctor. Here,Elizabeth points out that John is his own harshest judge.If anyone is judging him, it’s a mini-John Proctor with a judge wig banging a tiny gavel right on his heart strings.Since he's unable to forgive himself for the affair, he projects his guilt onto her even when she’s not acting particularly judgmental. â€Å"I am amazed you do not see what weighty work we do.† (Mary Warren pg. 56) Mary uses â€Å"weighty† as a synonym for â€Å"important† or â€Å"vital.† She feels that she’s doing God’s work, and she is given a sense of purpose and duty through her participation in the trials.In a sense, the trials really are â€Å"weighty work† because they overhaul the entire community.They provide an outlet for the repressed resentments and jealousies that were simmering under the surface. â€Å"Theology, sir, is a fortress; no crack in the fortress may be accounted small.† (Reverend Hale pg. 64) This quote from Hale is a testament to the power of the church in this community and the perception of religion at the time.There is an â€Å"either you’re with us or you’re against us† mentality that encourages persecution of anyone who deviates even slightly from accepted Christian behavior.One misstep can derail a reputation completely, so everyone is eager to conform out of concerns for self-preservation. â€Å"There is a misty plot afoot so subtle we should be criminal to cling to old respects and ancient friendships. I have seen too many frightful proofs in court - the Devil is alive in Salem, and we dare not quail to follow wherever the accusing finger points!† (Reverend Hale pg. 68) This quote from Hale sums up the atmosphere of hysteria that has emerged in Salem.Everyone is afraid to question any of the accusers because that might mean falling for the Devil’s tricks.They feel that the consequences of doubting these accusations could be more dire than the risk of having some innocent people caught up in the mix.Reputation has been conquered by paranoia. Both Parris and Hale will cite different theological examples over the course of the play where someone who was once thought to be virtuous turned out to be evil.In this case, it’s â€Å"Man, remember, until an hour before the Devil fell, God thought him beautiful in Heaven† (Reverend Hale pg. 68).In the next act, Parris will say â€Å"You should surely know that Cain were an upright man, and yet he did kill Abel† (Reverend Parris pg. 85).On some occasions in the Bible, people who were thought to be good turned out to be bad. This shaky precedent is extrapolated to the current situation and gives the church leaders reason to mistrust even the most well-reputed citizens of Salem. â€Å"Why do you never wonder if Parris be innocent, or Abigail? Is the accuser always holy now? Were they born this morning as clean as God’s fingers? I’ll tell you what’s walking Salem - vengeance is walking Salem. We are what we always were in Salem, but now the little crazy children are jangling the keys of the kingdom, and common vengeance writes the law!† (John Proctor pg. 73) John is incredibly frustrated because the accusers are all taken at their word, and the accused are denied a fair opportunity to defend themselves.He points out that many of these accusations are clearly driven by revenge.Though that desire for vengeance was always there within the people of Salem, it has only now begun to affect judicial processes and societal power structures in dramatic ways.â€Å"The little crazy children† are the accusers, mostly teenage girls who previously had no power in Salem. They are now â€Å"jangling the keys of the kingdom,† or testing their ability to provoke widespread chaos that favors their own agendas. â€Å"Now Hell and heaven grapple on our backs, and all our old pretense is ripped away - make your peace!Peace. It is a providence, and no great change; we are only what we always were, but naked now.† (John Proctor pg. 76) This an aside John makes to himself at the end of Act 2. He views the witch trials as an unveiling of the true nature of the people of Salem.No one has suddenly become vengeful, paranoid, and unjust - they were always like this underneath a shallow layer of decorum.Proctor has also been burdened by the secret of his affair with Abigail and the guilt he has about it.He sees himself as an immoral person, and he is relieved in a certain sense that he’s about to be exposed for the hypocrite he is so his sins will stop eating him up inside. John was referring to his two cats, Heaven and Hell. Metaphorical pet names were all the rage in 17th century New England. The CrucibleAct 2 Thematic Analysis This is a brief analysis of the most prevalent themes in Act 2. I'll come out with a more comprehensive thematic analysis for the whole play very soon! Irony This act sees one of the most blatant examples of irony in the play. When John is asked to recite the ten commandments, the only one he forgets is the one most applicable to him, adultery (â€Å"Thou shalt not covet thy neighbor’s wife."). This shows how hard John is trying to repress his guilt. He hopes to leave the affair in the past and pretend it never happened, but he can't ignore the impact it has had on his relationship with Elizabeth, his sense of self-worth, and Abigail's psyche. Hysteria Act II is when the full extent of the hysteriainSalem becomes apparent.Mary says that there are now not 14 but 39 people who have been thrown in jail on suspicion of witchcraft.The hysteria has been heightened by several confessions which seem to confirm the existence of an evil witchy plot.People are told they will be executed if they refuse to confess, so obviously false confessions abound. The authorities and citizens of the town are so scared of the possibility that these coerced confessions could be the truth that they ignore any logical objections to the proceedings ("I have seen too many frightful proofs in court - the Devil is alive in Salem, and we dare not quail to follow wherever the accusing finger points!" Hale pg. 68).They instead continue to push for more confessions, which are then counted as â€Å"evidence† of a grand Satanic plot.Anyone who doubts the existence of this plot is brought under suspicion. When the poppet is discovered in Elizabeth’s possession, it is taken as concrete proof that she’s involved in witchcraft. Elizabeth'sside of the story immediately becomes virtually irrelevant because Abigail’s testimony is much scarier and more dramatic: "She sat to dinner in Reverend Parris's house tonight, and without word nor warnin' she falls to the floor. Like a struck beast, he says, and screamed a scream that a bull would weep to hear. And he goes to save her, and, stuck two inches in the flesh of her belly, he draw a needle out." (Cheever pg. 71). The idea that a witch's familiar spirit could be going around stabbing people willy-nilly is too horrifying for people who genuinely believe in witchcraft to give Elizabeth the benefit of the doubt. Everyone severely underestimates Abigail's ambition and deviousness. Reputation Goody Good, an old beggar woman, is one of the first to be accused because she is already held in such low regard. It’s easy for respectable citizens to accept that she’s in league with the Devil because she is an "other" in Salem, just like Tituba.Elizabeth knows that Abigail has it in for her because there's no other reason she would take the risk of accusing a farmer’s wife with a solid reputation.Elizabeth is an upstanding member of the community, whereas other women who have been accused were already at the bottom of the totem pole. Elizabeth knows that her high status still affords her some credibility, but this is the point at which the value of reputation in Salem starts to butt heads with the power of hysteria and fear to sway people’s opinions (and vengeance to dictate their actions).In this act it is also revealed that Rebecca Nurse has been accused, a woman whose character was previously thought to be unimpeachable. This is taken as evidence that things are really getting out of control ("if Rebecca Nurse be tainted, then nothing's left to stop the whole green world from burning." Hale pg. 67) , but still people hesitate to discredit the accusers out of fear for their own reputations. Power and Authority In Act 2, we see that Mary Warren has been given a new sense of her own power through the value placed on her testimony in court. Elizabeth notes that Mary's demeanor, previously very meek, is now like that of â€Å"the daughter of a prince† (pg. 50). Mary has never felt like she was a part of something significant like this before, which likely adds to her conviction that the people she's accusing are truly witches. Mary and the other girls are riding on a high of attention and respect from powerful people in the community, so they are especially motivated to stick to their stories (and even genuinely believe their own lies). At this point, Abigail has gone from a nobody to (unofficially) one of the most powerful people in Salem. It would be incredibly difficult for her to go back on her accusations now. Abigail’s low status in normal times ironically gives her a great deal of power in her current situation. No one thinks she’s smart or devious enough to make up all these insane stories, so she is taken at her word. In the words ofJohn Proctor, â€Å"the little crazy children are jangling the keys of the kingdom† (pg. 73). Guilt This themeisprominent in the dynamic between John and Elizabeth. John is frustrated with Elizabeth because she still doesn’t fully trust him, but he’s really projecting his internal guilt about his affair with Abigail onto her. John gets worked up because he’s angry at himself for essentially setting these accusations in motion against his wife.He’s frustrated that he hasn’t been allowed to leave the affair behind him and hates that he now has to face up to real consequences.He underestimated Abigail and is now paying the price.John’s guilt is a huge thematic undercurrent throughout the play, as we will see to an even greater extent in the next two acts. Even before his arrest (spoiler alert), John is a prisoner of his own guilt. He kinda deserves it, tbh. The CrucibleAct 2 SummaryConclusion In Act 2, the situation in Salem goes from worrisome to straight up horrifying. It becomes clear just how far the characters are willing to go to protect themselves against the town's burgeoning hysteria (even if it means setting others on a path to the gallows). Let's recap the most important events: Elizabeth informs John that more people have been arrested, and he needs to go to Salem to tell the court that Abigail is a fraud. Mary returns from Salem after participating in the trials and gives Elizabeth a ragdoll she made in court. Mary tells the Proctors that Elizabeth was mentioned briefly, but the accusations were dismissed thanks to Mary's favorable testimony. Elizabeth knows Abigail will continue to accuse her until something sticks, and she tells John he has to go directly to Abigail and tell her that they're NEVER gonna be a thing. Hale warily questions the Proctors about their skimpy church attendance, and John tells him Abigail is a fraud. Hale has fleeting doubts about the legitimacy of the girls' accusations. Francis Nurse and Giles Corey come to the house and say that their wives have been arrested. Then, Ezekiel Cheever and Marshal Herrick arrive with a warrant for Elizabeth's arrest. They find a needle in the doll Mary gave Elizabeth that corresponds to the needle that Elizabeth's familiar spirit supposedly used to stab Abigail. Elizabeth goes with them peacefully after realizing she can't prove her innocence. John angrily insists that Mary must tell the court Abigail is lying. Mary says she's too scared of the consequences and doesn't think she can do it. This is all a set-up for the heightened drama of Act 3. John Proctor is prepared to tell the whole truth about Abigail to save his wife and the rest of the accused, but will that be enough to stem the tide of witch-related hysteria? Hint: no. What's Next? Want a full summary of the play all in one place? Check out our complete overview of the plot of The Crucible, including descriptions of the main characters and a list of major themes. If you're looking for a deeper thematic discussion to help you write a killer essay, read this article on how each theme manifests in the play and what larger conclusions can be drawn as a result. We've also written comprehensive analyses of the most significant characters in The Crucible. Read all about the traits, actions, and thematic relevance of John Proctor, Abigail Williams, Rebecca Nurse, Giles Corey, and Mary Warren. Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Tweet Samantha Lindsay About the Author Samantha is a blog content writer for PrepScholar. Her goal is to help students adopt a less stressful view of standardized testing and other academic challenges through her articles. Samantha is also passionate about art and graduated with honors from Dartmouth College as a Studio Art major in 2014. 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Green IT Strategies and Applications Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Green IT Strategies and Applications - Essay Example There is a need to develop consensus and awareness among the corporations and hierarchy alike as to how implementing green based IT approach will benefit them both (Unhelkar, 2011). Is it an indirect condemnation of capitalism and promotion of capitalism? Without insight, this statement of the author can be easily taken out of context and preached as pro communist but in reality this is not the case here. The author simply means that in blind pursuit of profits for the company several important things like green IT measures are forgotten along the way which can benefit both the society and the corporation but is not seen by these public private entities because of blind following of profiteering and lack of vision. The political set up has nothing to do with it except implementing it and making legislations regarding it that will enable the green IT revolution to flourish. Other than that is strictly irrelevant to the cause. West and East Germany, People’s Republic of China an d Soviet Union as communist states were supposed to give equality and life of equal living to its citizens but in the environmental they had failed miserably (In case of China, it is still failing to address this issue). This went wrong not because they were communists. It went wrong because they failed to identify and correct the long term problems that come associated with industrialization like lower emissions and less nitrogenous content in the atmosphere. Why isn’t anyone implementing these Green IT procedures when they are proved to be more profitable? In the race for getting more profits, markets and control, the companies fail to address the longevity of the issues facing the world like pollution, perceived shortage of power and the recent issue of IT junk. The lack of implementation in this regard will also hurt the very environment which the corporations rely on to buy their products and services. The green IT ways are more efficient both monetarily and function wis e and it’s a dire need to create awareness about them at all levels of corporate and governmental enterprises. The implementation of these practices will not only result in increased profits and versatility (e.g. cloud hosting) to these organizations but it will also set a healthy trend in the market encouraging more and more to go green. As the new lean concept that was previously strictly the domain of Japanese Auto manufacturers making its way to companies around the world, the reduction of waste and careful monetary inspection of each process getting more and more importance, these efficient green IT products and upgrades are soon hopeful of making entry to the corporate fold (Jones, 2012). Is change in attitude towards green IT really positive or could it be coercion to transfer to new ways? The author clearly states that there are financial benefits to be reaped if an organization shifts to green IT applications, hardware and waste management so if there are monetary an d environmental benefits available at the same time one should really go for it and there should be no coercion involved. The author has over emphasized some points like the environmental benefits and the corporations lacking vision but if you see it the other way, we can feel that if lower

International Real Estate Investments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7500 words

International Real Estate Investments - Essay Example The city would have to buy this land from the private investor, for which it would pay a premium, and then build homes on this land and sell or rent them for less than market value. This would not be a smart business practice for a city and it would lead to an outcry from citizens when taxpayers’ money was spent on something that most taxpayers were not even benefiting from. Also, other social programs would have to suffer because of this practice, which would also hurt city planners and the city in general. There are bigger needs in many cities than affordable housing since people will find a way to pay for housing before they will do other things. In addition, most major cities have run out of room within the city and the residents have now begun retreating to the suburbs. The problem with this is that low-income housing units are not welcome in these regions. The people that have moved out of the city have moved there to get rid of the stereotypical problems that occur with low-income inhabitants and, therefore, affordable housing units would not be welcomed in this region. An example of this is James Vacca â€Å"making sure that developers do not evade the new restrictions. He said he recently noticed someone building a three-family house, something not allowed under the new rules. He complained to the buildings department about it, and about subsequent adjustments until the builder agreed to construct a one family house with two parking spaces instead†1 Gotham Gazette. 21 October 2005. The amount of private property ownership, combined with the escalating price of real estate, has made it very difficult to provide affordable housing for the population in or around any major city. London, in particular, is having a major affordable housing crisis because of its booming economy and drastic population growth so it needs to look at the examples that are provided by other cities.

Improving Pay for Performance with SOP

Improving Pay for Performance with SOP INTRODUCTION: Executive pay has been a big controversial issue over the past twenty years due to various governance failures which have generated a forceful policy debate on the appropriate role of shareholder voice in corporate governance (e.g., Bebchuk 2007; Bainbridge 2006). Some say the pay is too high and is set by captured boards while some say it reflects the marketplace in action. Therefore, some companies are either willing to or mandated to give shareholders an advisory vote on the prior years compensation of top executives-a say on pay (SOP). SOP is a term used for a rule in corporate governance whereby stakeholders are given the opportunity to vote on the enumeration of executives. SOP potentially not only gives shareholders an advisory vote on pay practices, but also increases scrutiny from shareholders over top managements compensation at most companies. Therefore, this study illustrates how SOP improves pay for performance. Under certain circumstances, this study will show that pay for performance has been increasing significantly after the adoption of SOP. When further decomposing executive pay into its cash-based and equity-based components, this study finds evidence of an increase at most companies in the relationship between performance and these compensation components, and the potential to enhance transparency, governance, and accountability, which, in turn, should lead to greater efficiency and social responsiveness (Bebchuk, Friedman, and Friedman, 2007). MAIN: This study is going to discuss further about the principal of SOP and its effect on pay for performance in firms and the related principal-agency problems in corporate governance. SOP might have not been a new concept in corporate governance in the UK, but some firms in developed and developing countries have been implementing this concept over these years around the world. SOP is known as one of the recent phenomenon of shareholder activism, a voice mechanism for shareholders (Hirschman, 1970). It is the effectuation of providing shareholders the right to vote on executive compensation program at the annual meeting. The regulation changes a variety of attitudes toward corporate governance and disclosure habitudes of all public companies. This concept allows shareholders to either raise their voices or express their opinions against executive compensation programs. In other words, instead of letting top executives to decide the level of compensation plans, shareholders can use their voting rights to either approve or give advice on executive compensation plans that link to top executives performance. To clearly justify, SOP is seen as a friendly tool to express, improve the dissent, giving advice on remuneration, but not an aggressive governance rule to destroy firm value or dissociate the relationship between principal and agent. While companies are not bound by SOP advisory votes, the act not only requires firms to disclose the vote results after the shareholders meeting, but also report whether and how the board considers the voting results in the following year. Consistent with this argument, De Franco, Hope and Larocque (2013) find that additional disclosures improves board effectiveness at monitoring executive c ompensation and in strengthening the link between pay and performance. SOP was used formally in UK in 2003, but in fact it was unofficially started and practiced in July 1999 as non-binding vote on executive compensation or remuneration. In the early of 2001, there are various companies beginning to propose the remuneration committee report, and there is an evidence that the number of firms submitting the proposal grew rapidly in 2002. After the UK, several EU countries consequently adopted this principle such as Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, then it spreaded to Australia and USA. It has been lasting for nearly 15 years in the UK while in the USA, this concept started in 2010 and became compulsory in the same year, which is relatively brief and the current knowledge of SOPs results and effects are still limited along with many academic discussion and practices. Basically, the objectives and models of SOP vary considerably across the world. Under Dodd-Frank, SOP in the USA requires companies to hold a non-binding vote on compensation at least once every three years. Afterwards, firms are also required to request shareholders to regulate the frequency of future say on pay votes at least once every six years but no less than that, also the shareholders are given the option of doing annually or every two or three years. However, in the UK, the government presented the Directors Remuneration report to record for a shareholders vote on current level of compensation at every annual general meeting. Pay for performance is currently a big issue in corporate governance due to several executive compensation scandals. Additionally, House Report 110088 noted that the average of a CEO in a top company earned approximately 140 times higher than the pay of a regular employee in 1991; nonetheless, this ratio increased exponentially to about 500 to 1 in 2003. The compensation for CEOs is divided into 2 parts which are fixed compensation such as cash and bonuses, and variable compensation ,also called performance-based compensation. The variable compensation which strongly relates to CEOs performance, including option grants, stocks option,.etc will be determined comprehensively in this study so as to favour the practical impact of SOP. Refer to Jensen and Meckling (1976), the traditional principal-agent theories stated that the owner of the firm constructed the compensation contracts to the agent in terms of maximizing the value of the firm. Muller-Kahle (2013) finds some evidence that, w hen CEOs have a dominant ownership stake, firm monitoring is diminished and firm performance suffers. However, most of public companies generates it infeasible for shareholders to debate the managerial compensation. In the phenomenon, the executive compensation scandals occurred frequently and severally than we could imagine. For examples, Tyco International was reported a CEOs scandal in 2005, its CEO Dennis Kozlowski and CFO Mark H. Swartz were convicted of stealing $600 million, these money was symbolized as the excess of executive remuneration, i.e. Kozlowski gave his wife $2 million birthday gift on Islands Mediterranean at companys expense. From our point of view, if Say on Pay was introduced and implemented earlier, those compensation scandals would had possibly not happened and also its reasonable to achieve and practice the SOP policy at the moment. According to Vicente Cuà ±at, Mireia Gine, and Maria Guadalupe (2013), the main purposes of Say on Pay is to raising shareholders voices, concentrating on the shareholders interests but also focusing on values that CEOs added to the firm and the transparency of CEOs interests. It leads to the improvement of the agency problem. Although a variety of evidence are against the benefits of Say on Pay, Bebchuk (2007) contended that a formalized say on pay vote is able to overcome the psychological barriers and support the negotiation of better compensation contracts. Indeed, many articles suggest that the approach of SOP does have a positive correlation between both firms value and the issue of pay for performance. We believe that there is nothing 100% right or wrong in all circumstances and its inherently difficult to determine precisely influences of any corporate governance regulation. Hence, the objective of this paper is to approve the improvements of Say on Pay on pay for performance in corporations in terms of increasing firms values, shareholders values, reducing agency problems and enhancing the transparency of executive compensation under certain conditions. First condition is firms with excessive or ineffectiveness CEO remuneration, as stated by Core at el. (1999), less effective boards are regularly related to high abnormal CEO compensation and low sensitivity pay for performance, which means that SOP is likely to benefit to the firm with weaker corporate governance and incompetent remuneration design. Secondly, firms with independent-minded shareholders willing to vote against management are likely to face more pressure if the say on pay is achieved; thirdly, firms are willing to b oost performance, enhance compensation and reform as a consequence of shareholder pressure. Due to Baird and Stowasser (2002), the first benefit of implementing SOP is certainly promoting accountability and transparency in the compensation report. To earn stakeholders support or prevent litigation, boards not only have sought to enhance disclosures concerning executive compensation plans but also publish an annual directors remuneration report over the past year, which causes directors more carefully to consider shareholder interests when designing executive pay plans. The recent trend confirmed the increased directors accountability after the introduction of say on pay (Cai et al. 2007, 2009; Del Guercio et al. 2008). As found in the previous articles, Davis (2007) stated that the Say on Pay proposal did associate smoothly with the communication and relationship between shareholders and board of directors. Refer to the UK evidences, after annual general meeting and the accurately analysis of remuneration report, there is a substantially development in the connection and tr ansmission between compensation committees and shareholders. Firms are more opened to a dialogue with shareholders to justify a broader compensation decisions and practices. Companies will not only have the opportunity to include additional resolutions on specific compensation decisions, but also have the opportunity to ask shareholders views on specific compensation decisions, including decisions related to various aspects or categories of pay. Each company, however, will be required to permit shareholders to vote on a resolution addressing all of the compensation disclosed in the annual proxy. This finding may advance scrutiny and also lead to more informed voting decision and the acceptance of a remarkable premium. Also, Deane (2007) and Davis (2007) suggested that SOP probably superior adjusts for principal-agent interests and enhance corporate governance and performance. The SOP allows shareholder to raise their voices in executive which definitely better align with CEO and shareholders interests, consequently, it comes up with the reduction of agency cost and a more adequately compensation contracts. Due to Peter Iliev and Svetla Vitanova (2015), the market reacted positively to the practices of Say on pay votes and the general supports of directors from shareholders are spotted to be increased. In practices in the UK, the impact of SOP was found to be positive as well, Fabrizio and David A. Maber (2013) analysed that the adoption and implementation of say on pay to the UK regulation was escorted with positive stock price reactions at firms with high dissent compensation conflicts and particularly practices diluting punishment for poor performance. By the same token, enforcing SOP may potentially increase Earnings per shares (EPSs), Return on assets (ROA) and Return on equity (ROE), the appliance also gains profitability and efficiency, higher growth in labour yield and constructive effect on accounting statement in the following years after the binding vote. As a result of Vicente Cuà ±at, Mireia Gine, and Maria Guadalupe (2013), the shareholder value increased by 5.4 percent after Say on Pay implementation, this such high market gains were explained by the improvement of CEOs performance under shareholder pressure and the effect of better alignment of pay for performance and also the reduction of pay for failure. Those evidences are consistent with the aims of this study that say on pay is used as a value-creating governance mechanism to contribute value to firm and shareholders. According to Stephen Davis Millstein Center Fellow (2007), advisory Say on Pay votes are extensively seen as having been an influential committing factor in taming the rate of increase, reduce controversial compensation of CEO, pressure firm to increase sensitivity between compensation and performance curbing opportunities for reward for failure and tying compensation dramatically closer to performance. As we mentioned above, not every firms reported the same results on the impact of SOP. However, we do find the strong positive influence in the firm with high dissent between shareholders and directors and the firm with excessive CEOs compensation based on the managerial power viewpoint (Bertrand (2009), Frydman and Jenter (2010), Murphy (2013). As documented by Fabrizio and David A. Maber (2013), their tests were coherent with Core et al(1999) s research that the introduction of SOP was followed by positive stock price reaction, especially in the firms with controversial compensation report and those which abate penalties for poor performance. Correa and Lel (2013) also recorded a numerical decrease in CEO pay of 6.1% after implementation of Say-on-Pay regulation in a sample of countries. Moreover, by using regression analysis on large sample of UK firms, Fabrizio and David (2013) tested on some vital elements in CEO pays including bonuses, equity awards to evaluate whether the sensitivity of CEO compensation is highly adequated to performance along with economics factors before and after the regulation. In general, they concluded that even though others economic elements persist unchanged, there is still a significant rise in the sensitivity of CEO pay to poor performance in less observable elements of pay. Moreover, this finding is consistent with the result of Ertimur, Muslu, and Ferri (2011) which is the most pronounced in high dissent firms and firms maintaining excessive executive compensation before SOP, means that SOP policy does reduce the excessive performanced-base salary to create value and link the remuneration more dramatically to the performance. Various companies either removed or altered provisions that investors considered as rewards for failure such as generous severance contracts and low performance hurdles, often in response to institutional investors explicit requests. Fabrizio and David A. Maber (2013) examined this issue on high dissent(HD) firm (with 20% dissent vote) and low dissent(LD) firm (with less than 5% dissent vote) before and after the vote , the result showed that the high dissent firms reducing the notice periods of severance contracts after the first vote (80%) are likely to be higher than before the vote (20%) and also substantially higher than the low dissent firms (33.3%). Therefore, this figures suggested that say on pay is the reason of reduction of controversial compensation, besides, 70% of low dissent firms scaling down the notice period before the vote which is the evidence of elimination of dissension between shareholders and executives. Moreover, a variety of firms established a formal proces s for proactive consultation with their major shareholders going forward (Ferri and Maber, 2011). As a result, the threat of a vote was effective in inducing firms to revise CEO pay practices ahead of the annual meeting and decreasing the situation of pay for failures and the growth rate of pay. Meanwhile, they also analysed the second most influenced remuneration item which is performance-based vesting conditions in equity grants. During the following years that performance targets are not accomplished, this retesting provision is seemed to contribute for reexamining and subsequently assists for the potential pay for failure. After the research, they concluded that before the first vote, HD firms and LD firms achieved 5% and 25% respectively to reduce or remove this issue. Nonetheless, the result changed significantly after the SOP vote, HD firms agreed to shorten or abolish retesting provision with statistically 76.3%, while the LD gained 28%. Generally, several evidences support that these contractual modification are the direct repercussion of SOP regulation. Base on the top 100 companies 2016 surveys in the US, SOP is raising shareholders voices and putting more pressure on CEO in order to perform better, however, we found that shareholder doesnt empower themselves to manipulate the CEOs compensation. In fact, the number of companies adopting this policy is increasing, in 2016 there are 95 over top 100 US companies holding say on pay vote in 2016, 94 out of 95 firms held approval say-on-pay votes which is higher than 2015 and only 1 firm didnt approve which also failed in both 2014 and 2015. As being reported, 41 corporations reviewed and elected not to significantly change the compensation report, while 20 noted modification into the remuneration in response to the vote. In table 4, the Say on Pay approval rate in 2016 is relatively high with 78% receiving approval rates in excess of 90% and only 6% for-voting below 70%. This figures coordinate with data in the last 2 years 2014 and 2015, which the approval rates are comparably high. Th is finding suggests that the even shareholders have more control power in the firm, they are not likely to destroy the value or raise the unfairness and dissension through the firm. In contrast, they seem to use this policy as a friendly tool, not an aggressive regulation, to raise their voice and cut down excessive expense in compensation. Furthermore, this regulation is contributing to the competitiveness of the British economy and the attraction of London as an international capital market (Stephen Davis Millstein Center Fellow,2007). The UK Department of Trade and Industry confirmed that the votes lead to a better planning by corporations, fewer surprises, better dialogue with shareholders, and apparently, it can reduce downside risks and big scandals among quoted companies in recent years. Due to London Stock Exchange, by involving Say on Pay voting rights, London will possibly be equipped with a more competitive border in order to attract capital, comparing to New York. Last but not least, while companies are not bound by SOP advisory votes, it requires companies to disclose the vote results after the shareholders meeting. In addition, firms must report whether and how the board considers the voting results in the following year. Ferri and Maber (2013) study the market reaction in 2002 to SOP that mandates non-binding but advisory vote on the compensation report and find that firms with high dissent alter the compensation composition, thereby improving pay for performance. Moreover, in a sample of the largest UK companies from 2002 to 2006, boards reduced excess salary as well as the dilutive effect of stock option grants in response to past negative non-binding votes (Carter and Zamora,2009). Consequently, shareholders right of non-binding votes could provide a useful mechanism that addresses the potential problem of incomplete firms management, suggesting that monitoring and reward mechanism dynamics can effectively coexist between owners and firm managers, thereby improving corporate governance (Kimbro and Xu, 2016). Conclusion To conclude, we investigate the impact of the right of shareholders non-binding but advisory votes on say-on-pay. We find evidence that firms either modified or altered their compensation structures in order to win shareholders positive votes. CEOs compensation decreases in most firms while larger decreases are found in firms that overpaid their CEOs in the previous year. Similarly, affected firms linked their pay mix to more close for performance. In terms of voting itself, shareholders are not more likely to vote for executive compensation when the firm pays excessive pay for top management, or has a large increase in CEO compensation compared to previous years. Moreover, among the components of the compensation plan, shareholders are more likely to vote against the plan when they contain other compensation, such as private bonuses unrelated to performance, which have been opposed by critics of executive pay. Most importantly, SOP does not limit the level of compensation or empower shareholders to control the interests of top management. It can be seen as a friendly corporate governance tool to prevent conflicts of the issues between top management and shareholders regarding pay for performance. Additionally, this study finds that the increase in pay for performance after the implementation of SOP is larger in firms with excessive pay for CEO relative to firms with average level of pay for CEO. The evidence suggests that SOP do increase the executive compensation monitoring ability for investors who care about the long-term value of a firm but who are lack of the ability to influence executive compensation structure before SOP. By contrast to most prior studies on the impact of SOP on executive incentives and compensation, the evidence shown in this study is consistent with SOP improves rather than weakens the alignment of managerial wealth and shareholder interests in certain circumstances. References: Bainbridge S. 2006. The Case for Limited Shareholder Voting Rights. UCLA Law Review, 53: 601-636. Bainbridge, Stephen M. The Corporate Governance Provisions of Dodd-Frank. (2010). Bainbridge, Stephen M. Is Say on PayJustified?. (2009). Baird, J. and Stowasser, P. (2002) Executive compensation disclosure requirements: The German, UK, and US approaches, PracticalLaw.com, PLC Document 4-101-7960, September 23. BBC News. 2003. Glaxo defeated by shareholders. 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Ten Myths ofSay on Pay. (2012). List25.com. (2017). Cite a Website Cite This For Me. [online] Available at: http://list25.com/25-biggest-corporate-scandals-ever/ [Accessed 22 Mar. 2017]. Magnan, Michel, and FCA Claudine Mangen. Is say on pay an effective governance tool? Analysis and recommendations. (2011). Manifest and MMK, The Executive Director Total Remuneration Survey (London: May 2007); RREV, Trends in Executive Remuneration 2006 (London: April 2007); New Bridge Street Consultants, The 2006 FTSE 100 Executive Directors Remuneration Survey (London: 2006); PIRC Corporate Governance Annual Review 2006 (London: 2006). Muller-Kahle, M. I. 2013. The impact of dominant ownership: The case of Anglo-American firms . J. Manage. Gov. 19(1), 71-89. . SEC, Securities and Exchange Commission, 2010. Concept Release No. 34-62495, available at:http://www.sec.gov/rules/concept/2010/34-62495.pdf