The Sociological Criticism of Alice Walker - 537 Words

The definition of sociology is the study of society. Social criticism is blah. Alice walker’s work demonstrates this type criticism very well; from The Color Purple to Everyday Use or any of her earlier short stories. Most of her work demonstrates the struggle of African Americans in society especially women. This makes Alice Walker the epitome of sociological criticism. According to â€Å"The Color Purple† by Alice Walker Alice, walker was born in Georgia and attended Spellman College before transferring to Sarah Lawrence College in New York. Her first work was a book of poetry that was published while she was still in college. She moved to Mississippi and became a teacher and a civil rights activist. Walker’s work is known for highlighting the struggle of African American women during her time and in the past. â€Å"She does view the African American woman as a symbol of hope for humanity, and stresses the importance of bonds between women in combatting raci sm and sexism, inequalities of any kind†( Lystad page 1) . One of the most popular works by Walker was, The Color Purple. In this Alice walker’s story, the reader meets a girl named Celie. In this novel Alice takes the reader on a journey through much of Celie’s life, and the lives of others around her. Alice highlights a number of social aspects in this story. Through Cilie’s life, Walker highlights the abuse and mistreatment of African American women in the 1910 through the 1940’s. â€Å"Women were also regarded as lessShow MoreRelatedFeminist Theory1248 Words   |  5 PagesFeminism refers to political, cultural, and economic movements aimed at establishing greater rights, legal protection for women, and or womens liberation. It includes some of the sociological theories and philosophies concerned with issues of gender difference. Nancy Cott defines feminism as the belief in the importance of gender equality, invalidating the idea of gender h ierarchy as a socially constructed concept. Feminism has earned itself a bad reputation, but it never undermined gender differencesRead MoreOutline and Assess the Five Main Theoretical Perspectives of Sociology2024 Words   |  9 Pagesview of history according to which class struggle, the evolving conflict between classes with opposing interests, structures each historical period and drives historical change. Various aspects of Marxist theory have been criticised. These criticisms concern both the theory itself, and its later interpretations and implementations. Democratic socialists and social democrats reject the idea that socialism can be accomplished only through class conflict and a violent proletarian revolution. 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For our purposes in this chapter, the debateRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesCulture 525 Creating a Positive Organizational Culture 527 Spirituality and Organizational Culture 529 What Is Spirituality? 529 †¢ Why Spirituality Now? 530 †¢ Characteristics of a Spiritual Organization 530 †¢ Achieving a Spiritual Organization 531 †¢ Criticisms of Spirituality 531 Global Implications 532 Summary and Implications for Managers 533 S A L Self-Assessment Library What’s the Right Organizational Culture for Me? 512 glOBalization! Face Culture, Dignity Culture, and Organizational Culture

Remedial Instruction Free Essays

string(28) " and their own inner world\." Remedial Instruction in English 1. Define and enumerate the procedure of the following: a. augmentative picture( Communication) device †¢These devices of technology can range from: †¢A board with pictures representing a student’s daily needs †¢Words, phrases, sentences symbolically represented on a communication display as photographs, line drawings, tangible objects or letters †¢Electronic speech synthesizers (prerecorded speech, or segments of words, computers and portable electronic devices. We will write a custom essay sample on Remedial Instruction or any similar topic only for you Order Now †¢Augmentative communication devices help individuals in producing and/or understanding speech. b. Bean bag tossing -Cornhole, also known as bean bag toss, corn toss, baggo or bags, is a lawn game in which players take turns throwing corn hole bags at a raised platform with a hole in the far end. A bag in the hole scores 3 points, while one on the platform scores 1 point. Play continues until a team or player reaches the score of 21. Procedure †¢Bean bag tossing matches are broken down into innings or frames [1] of play. During each inning, every player throws four bags. A player may deliver the bag from either the left or right pitcher’s box, but, in any one inning, all bags must be delivered from the same pitcher’s box. It is possible that both players can throw from the same pitcher’s box. Also, the player gets a three foot box to throw in. Each player must deliver the bag within twenty seconds. The time starts when the player steps onto the pitcher’s box with the intention of pitching. The player who scored in the preceding inning pitches first in the next inning. If neither pitcher scores, the contestant or team who pitched last in the preceding inning pitches first in the next inning. Note: one foot cannot pass the back of the board while tossing the corn bag, otherwise the point does not count. Bean bag tossing can be played as either doubles or singles. In doubles play, four players split into two teams. One member from each team pitches from one cornhole platform and the other members pitch from the other. The first side of players alternate pitching bags until both players have thrown all four of their bags, then the players pitching from the opposing cornhole board continue to alternate in the same manner until all four of their bags are delivered and the inning or frame is completed. In singles play, two players play against each other. Delivery is handled in the same manner as doubles play. Both contestants pitch from the same cornhole platform and alternate their pitches until all of their bags have been pitched, completing the inning or frame. c. Sensory putty †¢Therapy Putty is the clinician’s all-purpose answer for children who are nervous, anxious, distracted, or withdrawn in therapy. Most children can’t resist Therapy Putty—It can be squeezed, stretched, twisted, and pulled into an endless assortment of shapes. It gives children an engaging yet undemanding activity that helps them calm down and sit still. And it often serves as an effective ice-breaker, leading the child into relaxed and productive discussion. †¢Therapy Putty is formulated to ensure long-lasting plasticity. It contains only organic, NON-BLEED colors, and it is odorless and nontoxic. It is also ideal for developing hand-muscle strength and increasing endurance. To gently increase range of motion or reduce stiffness, use Extra-Soft Tan. As strength increases, gradually increase the resistance of putty. Varying resistances are indicated by color Procedure 1. Stretch the Theraputty out and hide coins or small objects in it. Then roll it up into a ball. Have the child pull the putty apart and find all the objects you put in there. 2. Roll the putty out into a long thin snake. Have the child use their index finger to flatten the snake all along its body. Then, using their pincer grip (index finger to thumb) have them squeeze the putty back up. I should now look like a spiky dinosaur! 3. Holding the putty in one hand, have the child pinch pieces of the putty off at a time with each finger opposing the thumb d. Sandtray technique Sandtray therapy is considered an expressive and dynamic form of psychotherapy that facilitates expression of thoughts through metaphor and symbols, according to the Sandtray Therapy Institute. The technique aims at healing individuals by allowing them to get in touch with their inner processes and past experiences. The Institute touts its ability to let people become who they are meant to be, rather than being limit ed by what they were taught when they were younger. †¢is a form of expressive therapy that is also known as sandplay and the world technique. It was developed by Margaret Lowenfeld, Goesta Harding, De Domenico, Charlotte Buehler, Bolgar, Fisher, Ruth Bowyer, and Dora Kalff. This non-verbal method of therapy is often used with children, but can be applied to adults, teens, couples, families, and groups as well. Sand tray therapy allows a client to construct their own microcosm using miniature toys and colored sand. The newly created microcosm then acts as a reflection of the client’s own life and allows them the opportunity to resolve conflicts, remove obstacles, and to connect to their inner being and recognize the beauty of their own soul as they begin to accept themselves. Procedure – One of the most common techniques used in sand tray therapy is the world technique. This approach involves the use of miniatures. Clients are encouraged to use miniature toys, figurines and objects in the sand in way they choose. They can add water to the sand, and place the miniatures in the sand tray in any order. The design of the sand tray is guided by their imagination and their subconscious. The result is a microcosm of their inner world. The world within the sand tray is expressed through symbolism and metaphor, and may not even make immediate sense to the client. But aided by the therapist, a client, even a child, can begin to recognize the relationship between the creation in the sand and their own inner world. You read "Remedial Instruction" in category "Papers" -The humanistic approach is another common strategy applied in sand tray therapy. Clinicians who use this technique rely solely on the client to find solutions to their problems, using the sand as a tool for healing. Through creative expression, a client is able to manifest in sand things they would otherwise not be able to vocalize or address in traditional therapy. The therapist treats the client as whole and healed, knowing that the process of sand tray therapy allows the client to find the answers that are already within them. e. Pad cast †¢a digital recording of music, news or other media that can be downloaded from the internet to a portable media player. The term originated from â€Å"P. O. D. †, meaning Portable On Demand, and â€Å"cast†, relating to the term broadcast †¢Anyone can create a podcast. All over the world, people are creating podcasts on subjects ranging from movies, to technology, to music, to politics and whatever else you can think of. This is new original content made by passionate people who want to share their creativity with the world. †¢The cost to start podcasting is so low that anyone can do it. Most podcasters are everyday people like you and me. They could be talking to you driving in their car, sitting in their living room or speaking at a conference. You get to glimpse into their life and into their interests. †¢Podcasters are creating very raw and real content and listeners are responding. Free from corporate radio and broadcast regulations, you can create whatever kind of show you can imagine. Some podcasts are â€Å"talk show† style. Others introduce you to the latest bands and music. With podcasts you can stay current on the news, get a glimpse into someone’s life, listen to move reviews and the list goes on. †¢Most podcasts are made by people who are very passionate about their subject. Passion is infectious and interesting to listen to. Since the birth of podcasting, a huge variety of shows have shown up on the internet. †¢In addition, many major media outlets are also now offering podcasts. You can listen to NPR, Rush Limbaugh and many major news outlets by podcast. f. Math Manipulatives In math classrooms today, teachers are using manipulatives to help students learn mathematics. Manipulative materials are any concrete objects that allow students to explore an idea in an active, hands-on approach. Manipulatives can be almost anything –blocks, shapes, spinners or even paper that is cut or folded. †¢The power of using manipulatives is that they let the student connect mathematical ideas and symbols to physical objects, thus promoting better understanding. For example, students in grade 5 must learn about decimal numbers. Students ma ke a common mistake nwhen comparing 0. 7 and 0. 6, thinking that 7 tenths is a smaller number than 56 hundredths. This is because students think that a two-digit number, such as 56hundredths is larger than a one-digit number, 7 tenths. That â€Å"rule† works for wholenumbers, but not decimals. If the students are asked to build these numbers using amanipulative such as base ten blocks, they can immediately see that 7 tenths is larger than56 hundredths. They connect the model to the concept of the size of the numbers. With many experiences building and representing using manipulatives, students can deepen their understanding of abstract math concepts. It can also be tools to help students solve problems. By using physical models to represent their thinking, they can move and adapt the materials as they explore possiblesolutions to problems G. Raised line paper †¢One way to assist students with difficulty in writing is by offering raised-line paper. The lines on this paper are embossed, which raises them slightly. This provides both visual and tactile cues for students who have difficulty with letter formation, spacing and â€Å"staying in the lines. † As students write, they will â€Å"feel† the lines both with their fingers and through the motion of their pencils. This may help students to form letters and words more accurately, increasing their feeling of success with writing tasks. †¢When using this kind of tool in your classroom, it’s best to provide it for everyone if possible. This will help class projects or bulletin boards to look uniform in appearance. More importantly, kids with disabilities will have an opportunity to see that they are using the same materials as their peers. Already acutely aware that they struggle with writing, they don’t need to be self-conscious about using different paper than everyone else. In order to save money, kids can use scrap paper or regular paper for writing or dictating rough drafts, and then use the raised-line paper for final copies if necessary Procedure †¢Just prepare the tools(the particular paper) and let the students follow the lines I the paper. h. Sparkle †¢A spelling word game than has been played a lot in classrooms is Sparkle. The basic game goes like this. The person in charge of calling out the words can be the teacher or a student. When the first word is called out, the first person starts spelling it, saying only the first letter. The second person says the second letter and so on down the line. Whoever says the last letter of the word turns to the next person and says â€Å"sparkle† or any other word of your choosing, like â€Å"Whoo-hoo† or â€Å"Gotcha. † The person who would have been next is out, because he or she got â€Å"sparkled†. †¢The game continues with the leader calling out another word. Any time a student misspells a word, that student is out. Some teachers have a student sit down if they are not paying attention and do not know it is their turn or do not remember the previous letter. This helps improve listening skills. Procedure 1. The class forms a circle. 2. The teacher says a list word. 3. The first student says the first letter of the word. 4. The next in line says the second letter. 5. The student next in line says the third letter. This continues until all letters of the list word have been spoken. 6. The student in line AFTER the last letter, then says the list word. 7. The next student in line says â€Å"SPARKLE† and is OUT, and returns to his seat. 8. Anytime a student says the wrong letter, he is out and returns to his seat. 9. I usually give the winner a cap eraser, pencil grip, or something like that. . Adaptive reading materials Multisensory techniques are frequently used for students withLearning Disabilities (LD) Multisensory teaching techniques and strategies stimulate learning by engaging students on multiple levels. They encourage students to use some or all of their senses to: †¢Gather information about a task; †¢Link information to ideas they already know and un derstand; †¢Perceive the logic involved in solving problems; †¢Learn problem-solving steps; †¢Tap into nonverbal reasoning skills; †¢Understand relationships between concepts; and †¢Learn information and store it for later recall. How to cite Remedial Instruction, Papers

Deductibility of Legal Expenses †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Deductibility of Legal Expenses. Answer: Introduction: ITAA 1997 is an important act of Parliament of Australia. It is a main statute under which the income tax is being calculated. ITAA 1997 is a rewrite of prior Income Tax Assessment Act 1936. ITAA 1997 can be known as the updated model of ITAA 1936. It formulated the norms for tax calculation in Australia. Under section 8-1, it gives provision to allow some deductions. (Australian Government, 1997). Here, the given questions explain some of these deductions their status in ITAA these are as follows: The cost of moving such fixed assets like machinery from one site to another site would be a capital expense no deduction is available under section 8-1 of ITAA 1997. This expense increases the cost for depreciation purpose so; it counted as the capital expenditure. Due to its capital nature, the given provision under section 8-1 does not allow to provide any tax exemption limit. The cost of revaluation of assets considered as the expenses related to fixed assets. During the calculation of deductibility, it is considered as relevant because these expenses enhance the income earning capacity and it also incurred to protect the assets. It is the part of operations in business so, it will considered as revenue in nature and if this cost helps to generate benefit and this expense is likely to recurred then it will considered as deductible under section 8-1 in ITAA 1997. Legal Expenses incurred by a company opposing a petition for winding up: These legal expenses are considered as expenditure related to income earning capacity and structure operations of the company. It appears, if outcome of such expenditure gives profit yielding capacity then this expenditure will considered as capital in nature. If this expenditure gives more impact on the process of operations in business then it will considered as revenue in nature. On the basis of its nature, allowable deduction has decided under section 8-1 in ITAA 1997. Legal Expenses incurred for services of a solicitor in respect of a number of matters, including conveyancing, discharge of a mortgage, and general legal advice relating to a clients business operations. Under section 8-1 of ITAA 1997, legal expenses are allowable deductions if these expenses arise due to daily basis activities of tax payers business. On the basis of the provisions of section 8-1 in ITAA 1997, any loss or outgoing from assessable income which is incurred in generating the assessable income will be allowed to deduct during the tax calculation. It is necessary that these expenses are incurred in carrying out for the purpose of producing assessable income. Then Solicitor can claim for the tax benefit for his expense. Solution: To claim input tax credit, it is required that an organization should be registered for GST purpose. Input tax credit can be claimed when an organization buy any service as their input to sell their product. So, at the time of tax payment, organization can reduce its tax liability because it has already paid during the purchase of this service (Australian Government, 2017) Here, Big Bank is providing services related to finance and it is also registered for GST purpose in Australia. As Big Bank launched its new product and due to this reason bank need to do some changes in its accounting system due to the application of GST on new product. Big Bank prepared its budget for expenditure on advertising campaign for $1,650,000 in which it spend $550,000 on television advertising campaign $1,100,000 on general campaign like radio print media etc. According to the norms of taxation, acquisitions to make input tax supplies like loan deposit facilities will not be creditable acqui sitions. If acquisitions are related to make tax supplies like home content insurance will be creditable acquisitions. In relation to advertising expenditure, TV ads for home contents insurance will be fully creditable. Here, input tax credit will be available for $50,000. In relation to general advertising sources, it becomes necessary to apportion by specific method which must be fair reasonable. One of these types of method will be attribute 2% of expenditure to make tax supplies 98% to input tax supplies, which shows reflection of actual forecasted business line split. References Australian Government, 1997. Income Tax Assessment Act 1997. [Online] Available at: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Series/C2004A05138 [Accessed 03 October 2017]. Australian Government, 2017. Claiming GST credits. [Online] Available at: https://www.ato.gov.au/business/gst/claiming-gst-credits/ [Accessed 03 October 2017]. Clough, M. Jaques, M.S., 2006. The Deductibility of Legal Expenses. [Online] Available at: https://www.tved.net.au/index.cfm?SimpleDisplay=PaperDisplay.cfmPaperDisplay=https://www.tved.net.au/PublicPapers/August_2006,_Sound_Education_in_Taxation,_The_Deductibility_of_Legal_Expenses.html [Accessed 03 October 2017].

Price / Earnings Ratio and Housing Price Essay Example

Price / Earnings Ratio and Housing Price Essay What three alternative measures of the price-earnings ratio (P/E ratio) are described in this article? Answer: Following are three price-earnings ratio described in the article: 1. P/E ratio 2. â€Å"Forward† P/E ratio 3. â€Å"Trailing† P/E ration Q2: (Advanced) Which of the three measures matches the definition of the P/E ratio given in your textbook? Explain your answer. Answer: Books has only discuss the simple P/E ratio, PE ratio measures how much investor willing to pay per dollar of current earnings, higher PEs are often taken to mean that firm has significant prospects for future growth.Price per Share PE Ratio = _____________________ Earnings per Share Generally similar firms have similar PE ratios, like technology companies may have similar PE ratio compare to utility, because technology more opportunity to fast growth with some risk where utility companies may be slow growth with very low risk. Q3: (Introductory) What weakness in the simple P/E ratio is overc ome by using the â€Å"forward† P/E ratio? What problems arise with the forward measurement? Answer: â€Å"Forward† P/E measure is the price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) using forecasted earnings for next 12 month or giving period of time.Simple P/E give only current ratio for current earning where forward P/E give near future earnings. Where high forward P/E mean that company investors are willing to more because they expect earnings to grow. The problem with â€Å"forward† P/E is it is based on analysis earning forecast, as Mr. Mortimer said You can make the forward P/E anything you want [by boosting the forecast],. Q4: (Advanced) What weakness in the simple P/E ratio is overcome by using the trailing four quarters in the measurement?Specifically identify how this measure differs from the simple P/E ratio first described in the article. Answer: â€Å"Trailing† P/E is calculated based on last four quarter actual earnings (after adjustment of unusual gain or c harges etc. interest, law suit). Trailing P/E give more realistic company picture. Where simple P/E ratio calculates the based on current share price and last 12 months earning (with adjustment). Q5: (Advanced) The author states that users should make adjustments for unusual items in the â€Å"trailing† P/E measure.Why do you think that is his recommendation? Answer: To get realistic earning, because company may have bad quarter where earning may drop due to law suit or any incident, and it could to boost due to unusual profit due to high demand of specific company product. Example: Sandy hurricane which made generator demand so high which could not happen next 100 years. Q6: (Advanced) â€Å"Low P/E stocks outperform high P/E stocks†, say jess Mortimer†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Explain the arguments for this assertion by the investment strategy director at BNY Mellon wealth Management.Answer:As per Mortimer low P/E stocks are outperform and give surprise results, where Mr. Mellon argument is, it does but as group with over the period of time not in the short term. Housing Price Are on Tear, Thanks to the Fed Q1: How much did housing prices rise in February from a year ago? Answer: 10% Q2: Why have inventories of homes available for sale fallen to 20-year lows? How has this contributed to rising housing prices? Answer: Due to 2008 economic recession home sales went historical down, new constructions nventory pile up due to slow sales, builders stop new plan and trying to sales their existing plan which created the gap for future market needs, since last quester house market has slowly bouncing back but this slow recovery not giving builders enough confident to build more inventory. Q3: The article implies that tight lending standards have contributed to rising housing prices? What is rationale behind this claim? What argument could you make that tight lending standards are helping to keep housing prices from rising?Answer: Before 2008 economic recession many family invested the money in housing market and bought two houses or some people moved to home with 0% down payment, interest only loan and even Bank issues the loan without proper verification of Job stability. People are scare that if they sale current house they may not going to get loan due to more verification and financial health of the loaner. This issue letting people to stay in same home instance of upgrade them self and impacting market inventory to low since build already not building more houses and driving home price higher.Q4: What factors are pushing up the demand for housing? How do these factors contribute to rising housing prices? Answer: Following are few points/factors pushing housing market and demand. †¢Increase in population, more first time buy want to own their first house †¢Current low interest rate attracting people †¢House price is low compare to previous years †¢First time home buyers thinking interest rate and house price may go up soon †¢Higher rent since many investor bought the foreclosure and renting itQ5: The article states that monthly payments of $1000 each for 30 years whould allow a $165,000 mortgage if interest rates were 6. 1% (as was the case in late 2008) and a $222,000 mortgage at current interests rates of 3. 5%. Show this mathematically. How do these lower interest rates contribute to rising housing prices? Answer: Q6: Do you think housing prices are rising too quickly? Why or Why. Answer: Yes it is because of demand, low inventory and low interest rates.

3 Ways to Prepare for Layoffs (Just in Case)

3 Ways to Prepare for Layoffs (Just in Case) Your company is in upheaval. Rumors are flying. The big merger is just a few weeks away and the word of the day is restructuring. While it’s always best to keep your head in uncertain situations, even if you think your job is safe, it never hurts to be prepared.Here are three things you can do now to keep yourself from being blindsided when lay-off time comes around.1. Reach out to your networkAccept the worst in advance and do something about it. Get in touch with former bosses and colleagues. Put the phone tree into action. Explain what’s happening and what you might be looking for, and ask for help. Chances are, someone you’ve impressed in the past will be willing to put your name forward in the right situation. Or, if you’re uncomfortable asking for help, ask for advice. People will be happy to give it, and will still be made aware of your situation; should anything come up, you’d come to mind. Friends and family are also a valuable support syst em, and can often come through in a pinch.2. Plan how youll present your situationAt this point, a lay-off could be part of your career narrative, whether you’d like it to or not. Start figuring out how to work it into your elevator pitch. Come out swinging. Explain the situation clearly and with confidence, and then find a way to make lemonade. Demonstrate that you know your value, in spite of the difficult situation, and that you’re already working constructively to overcome it. That kind of pluck can go a long way with a hiring manager.3. Give yourself a makeoverMake sure your cover letter, LinkedIn profile, and portfolio are all fully updated and in perfect order. Make sure these valuable networking tools are doing exactly what you want them to, and telling the story you want them to tell. Consider making yourself a new set of business cards if you think you’ll soon be on the market.The point is to prepare for the worst, but remain optimistic that it will al l turn out for the best.3 Steps to Prepare for a Potential Layoff

The Story of Space Chimps

The Story of Space Chimps It might come as a surprise to learn that the first living beings to fly to space werent humans, but instead were primates, dogs, mice, and insects. Why spend time and money to fly these beings to space?   Flying in space is a dangerous business. Long before the first humans left the planet to explore low-Earth orbit and go to the Moon, mission planners needed to test the flight hardware. They had to work out the challenges of getting humans safely to space and back, but didnt know whether or not humans could survive long periods of weightlessness or the effects of hard acceleration to get off the planet. So, U.S. and Russian scientists used monkeys, chimps, and dogs, as well as mice and insects to learn more about how living beings could survive the flight. While chimps no longer fly, smaller animals such as mice and insects continue to fly in space (aboard the ISS).   The Space Monkey Timeline Animal flight testing didnt begin with the Space Age. It actually started about a decade earlier. On June 11, 1948, a V-2 Blossom was launched from White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico carrying the first monkey astronaut, Albert I, a rhesus monkey. He flew to over 63 km (39 miles) but died of suffocation during the flight, an unsung hero of animal astronauts. Three days later, a second V-2 flight carrying a live Air Force Aeromedical Laboratory monkey, Albert II, got up to 83 miles (technically making him the first monkey in space). Unfortunately, he died when his craft crash-landed on re-entry. The third V2 monkey flight, carrying Albert III launched on September 16, 1949. He died when his rocket exploded at 35,000 feet. On December 12, 1949, the last V-2 monkey flight was launched at White Sands. Albert IV, attached to monitoring instruments, made  a successful flight, reaching 130.6 km., with no ill effects on Albert IV. Unfortunately, he also died on impact.   Other missile tests took place with animals, too. Yorick, a monkey, and 11 mouse crewmates were recovered after an Aerobee missile flight up to 236,000 feet at Holloman Air Force Base in southern New Mexico. Yorick enjoyed a bit of fame as the press covered his ability to live through a space flight. The next May, two Philippine monkeys, Patricia and Mike, were enclosed in an Aerobee. Researchers placed Patricia in a seated position while her partner Mike was prone, to test the differences during rapid acceleration. Keeping the primates company were two white mice, Mildred and Albert. They rode to space inside a slowly rotating drum. Fired 36 miles up at a speed of 2,000 mph, the two monkeys were the first primates to reach such a high altitude. The capsule was recovered safely by descending with a parachute. Both monkeys moved to the both at the National Zoological Park in Washington, DC and eventually died of natural causes, Patricia two years later and Mike in 1967. Theres no reco rd of how Mildred and Albert did.    The USSR Also Did Animal Testing in Space Meanwhile,  the USSR watched these experiments with interest. When they started experiments with living creatures, they primarily worked with dogs. Their most famous animal cosmonaut was Laika, the dog. (See Dogs in Space.) She made a successful ascent, but died a few hours later due to extreme heat in her spacecraft.   The year after the USSR launched Laika,  the U.S. flew Gordo, a squirrel monkey, 600 miles high in a Jupiter rocket. As later human astronauts would, Gordo splashed down in the Atlantic ocean. Unfortunately, while signals on his respiration and heartbeat proved humans could withstand a similar trip, a flotation mechanism failed and his capsule was never found. On May 28, 1959, Able and Baker were launched in the nose cone of an Army Jupiter missile. They rose to an altitude of 300 miles and were recovered unharmed. Unfortunately, Able did not live very long as she died from complications of surgery to remove an electrode on June 1. Baker died of kidney failure in 1984 at the age of 27. Soon after Able and Baker flew, Sam, a rhesus monkey (named after the Air Force School of Aviation Medicine (SAM)), launched on December 4th on board the  Mercury spacecraft. Approximately one minute into the flight, traveling at a speed of 3,685  mph, the Mercury capsule aborted from the Little Joe launch vehicle. The spacecraft landed safely and Sam was recovered with no ill effects. He lived a good long life and died in 1982. Sams mate, Miss Sam, another rhesus monkey, was launched on January 21, 1960. Her  Mercury capsule attained a velocity of 1,800  mph and an altitude of nine miles. After landing in the Atlantic Ocean, Miss Sam was retrieved in overall good condition.   On January 31, 1961, the first space chimp was launched. Ham, whose name was an acronym for  Holloman  Aero  Med, went up on a Mercury  Redstone rocket  on a sub-orbital flight very similar to Alan Shepards. He splashed down in the Atlantic Ocean sixty miles from the recovery ship and experienced a total of 6.6 minutes of  weightlessness  during a 16.5-minute flight. A post-flight medical examination found Ham to be slightly fatigued and dehydrated. His mission paved the way for the successful launch of Americas first human astronaut, Alan B. Shepard, Jr., on May 5, 1961. Ham lived at the Washington Zoo until September 25, 1980. He died in 1983, and his body is now at the International Space Hall of Fame in Alamogordo, New Mexico. The next primate launch was with Goliath, a one-and-a-half-pound squirrel monkey. He was launched in an Air Force Atlas E rocket on November 10, 1961. He died when the rocket was destroyed 35 seconds after launch. The next of the space chimps was Enos. He orbited Earth on November 29, 1961, aboard the  NASA  Mercury-Atlas rocket. Originally he was supposed to orbit the Earth three times, but due to a malfunctioning thruster and other technical difficulties, flight controllers were forced to terminate Enos flight after two orbits. Enos landed in the recovery area and was picked up 75 minutes after splashdown. He was found to be in good overall condition and both he and the  Mercury  spacecraft performed well. Enos died at Holloman Air Force Base 11 months after his flight. From 1973 to 1996, the Soviet Union, later Russia, launched a series of life sciences satellites called  Bion. These missions were under the  Kosmos  umbrella name and used for a variety of different satellites including spy satellites. The first  Bion  launch was Kosmos 605 launched on October 31, 1973.   Later missions carried pairs of monkeys.  Bion 6/Kosmos 1514  was launched December 14, 1983, and carried Abrek and Bion on a five-day flight.  Bion 7/Kosmos 1667  was launched July 10, 1985 and carried the monkeys Verny (Faithful) and Gordy (Proud) on a seven-day flight.  Bion 8/Kosmos 1887  was launched September 29, 1987, and carried the monkeys Yerosha (Drowsy) and Dryoma (Shaggy).   The age of primate testing ended with the Space Race, but today, animals still fly to space as part of experiments on board the International Space Station. They are usually mice or insects, and their progress in weightlessness is carefully charted by the astronauts working on the station.   Edited by Carolyn Collins Petersen.

Research Methods used in Educational Psychology Essay

Research Methods used in Educational Psychology - Essay Example This study also integrated in an experimental group for comparison by observing the Title I students but also the non-Titled. Each teacher was observed for a total of 5 hours (totaling 175 hours) of reading instructional time. The Settings Factor Assessment Tool (SFAT), an ecobehavioral protocol, was used to measure a range of variables during the observational periods. Among the 4 Levels included in the SFAT, Levels 2-4 were used to verify factors such as the context of instruction; prompt, feedback, and instructional characteristics; non-instructional talk; and behaviors exhibited across the students. Levels 2-4 were then coded in real-time using the Multiple Option Observation System for Experimental Studies (MOOSES) (Stichter, Stormont, and Lewis 175). Statistical analyses were then performed to establish the relationship between the factors described with the SFAT and the status (Title I or non-Titled) of the classroom. The findings

Implementation of a competency framework workbased learning programme Dissertation

Implementation of a competency framework workbased learning programme on acute skills for ward nurses - Dissertation Example A learning programme for acute ward nurses responsible for caring of critically ill patients has been the central focus of nursing practice development. According to Coad et al, a work-based learning approach has been found to empower ward staff with the necessary skills of nursing and the authors studied the efficacy of a five-day competency based high dependency skills course in enhancing professionalism and quality of care in nursing. The aims of comprehensive critical care are developing leadership potential and enhancing networking opportunities for nurses within critical care and acute ward areas. Critical care is the most challenging aspect of nursing care and acute skills in nursing are enhanced not just by work-based learning programs but also from first hand nursing and emergency experiences. Titchen describes emergency care in which one professional learns from another as ‘critical companionship’ that serve as a framework for learning from practical healthcare experiences.

Needs of Customer Essay Example for Free

Needs of Customer Essay When customers walk into a restaurant, whether it is McDonalds or Chez Pierre, they expect to be acknowledged. This is a small service, but it is imperative to the success of the restaurant, as customers who are not greeted may simply walk out and eat somewhere else. The type of host a restaurant has will depend on the type of restaurant it is as well as how busy it is. Some restaurants pay hosts to greet customers, call names off waiting lists and walk customers to their tables. In other restaurants, management and wait staff take over this duty. Regardless of what you can afford for your restaurant, always make sure someone has the responsibility of greeting the guests and that person knows it is her responsibility. Wait Staff When customers go to a restaurant, they expect a good wait staff, unless they are dining at a fast-food chain. Even then, customers expect the counter workers to get their orders right in an appropriate amount of time and solve problems quickly and courteously. In traditional, sit-down restaurants, customers expect the wait staff to be attentive, but not too attentive. Wait staff should not hover or interrupt, but they also should come back frequently enough to attend to their customers needs. In addition, they should bring food in a timely manner and handle problems, such as food that has been sent back pleasantly. Customers also expect wait staff to be friendly and personable. Environment Customers usually go to restaurants to meet with others socially in a friendly environment. Although environment is not usually considered a service, service plays a large role in creating a good environment. In addition to making sure the restaurant is clean, attractive and the decor is consistent with the food and restaurants image, restaurant owners need to tell their staff it’s OK to let guests linger. Wait staff should not hint that it is time for the guests to go. For example, they should not rush the food to the table unless the customer requests it. They also should not start to clean nearby tables in an obvious manner or wait for customers to get out their money to pay the check. To the contrary, wait staff should say things like, Feel free to chat as long as you like let me know if youll need some dessert or a drink refill. Food and Drink Probably the most important service that a customer expects to receive when dining out is a good selection of delicious and well-presented food. According to London wine writer Jamie Goode, it is more important that food be simple and good tasting, made with quality ingredients, than to be fancy or pretentious. Goode also notes that customers expect a large wine selection that is not overpriced. Furthermore, customers expect food to be consistent with the image of the restaurant. Customers who are dining at a family restaurant, for example, expect sandwiches, traditional dinners and moderate prices. At a more elegant restaurant, prices can be higher but food needs to be more of the gourmet variety.

A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings :: Literary Analysis, Gabriel Marquez

The residents of the little town in the story â€Å"A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings,† by Gabriel Marquez, did not understand that they very well could have been in the midst of one of gods’ heavenly creatures. The old man that Pelayo found groveling in the mud on the beach, had wings like an angel, he didn’t speak their language like an angel might not, and he was peaceful and innocent like angel might be. But since he didn’t fit the exact â€Å"standards† of grandeur that the people thought that angels should have, they disregarded him, and set him aside as being irrelevant and â€Å"†¦father Gonzaga was forever cured of his insomnia†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (403). In the text â€Å"A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings,† the townspeople’s inability to determine the winged mans’ â€Å"being† highlights their paradigms. The townspeople determine that the old man does not fit the â€Å"criteria† of an angel. They disregarded him partly because of â€Å"His huge buzzard wings, dirty and half plucked† (401), He was old and decrepit and seemed crazy. Also, Angels are thought of as elegant and beautiful with a sort of spiritual presence. But instead the old man looked like a â€Å"rag picker† (401), and smelled of the wilderness. Next, the priest tries testing the man to see if he could speak Latin, â€Å"the language of god.† But since the man could not speak Latin, he was under the â€Å"suspicion of an imposter† (401), he was thought of as the devils â€Å"carnival trick† (401). Moreover, the man’s main significant terrestrial qualities were his wings and his oddity. As far as how angels are thought of, The only other feature that closely resembled a celestial being was that he could take everything that his spectators did to him as if â€Å"His onl y supernatural virtue seemed to be patience† (401). But his imperturbability and innocence are very misinterpreted by the people and taken advantage of to the extreme. The townspeople are cruel and treat he man poorly because they don’t understand him. They pull out some of his remaining feathers to â€Å"touch their defective parts† (402). The people have the audacity to take from the man, without permission, in an attempt to add to themselves and seem to feel no remorse for their taking. Also, at one point in the story a spectator burns him with an iron for branding steers, because they thought that maybe he was dead.

Island of the Blue Dolphins

Island Of The Blue Dolphins I believe that Karana should have jumped rather than stayed on the boat. I think this because it shows her love for her brother, secondly she does it because she feels like she has to protect her younger brother and lastly it is an unselfish act to do. Firstly, Karana should jump because it shows she loves her brother. The thought going through her mind was that she should jump for your younger brother. The love that Karana and her younger brother had for one another should make her jump. For example in a situation like Karana's it is the right thing to go back for her little brother, Karana was going through painful thoughts like the thoughts that her little brother may die. This would make anyone jump. Secondly, she does this because she feels the need to protect her younger brother. Karana is the type of person who would do anything if she had a older or younger sibling in danger or wounded. So in this type of situation in which her younger brother needs a big sisters help, Karana would be doing anything possible to get to her little brother like jumping off the boat. I felt as if I had been gone a long time as I stood there looking down from the high rock. I was happy to be home. Everything I saw- the otter playing in the kelp, the rings of foam around the rocks guarding the harbour, the gulls flying, the tides moving past the sandpit filled me with happiness. A qoute from the novel. (Scott O'Dell) Finally, it was an unselfish act towards her brother. Because if Karana did not have jumped her younger brother would've felt useless with nothing to live for and unfortunately killed himself. Even if Karana hadn't of jumped she would have felt selfish and she would have lost all the love and sympathy that her brother had for her. The love that they had for each other drove Karana to do the most unselfish and Christian act that any human would be able to do. In conclusion, Karana did what was best for her and everyone else. It must have been one of the hardest choices any person could ever make but in Karana made the best of choices. This shows the courage and ability Karana had to do to be able to save and be with her younger brother. A Matter of Life or Death Mrs Hicks EN505 Matt Oakford Week 5-Week 8

The Robin Hood Tax – Summary

Business Tax: Reading Week Notes The Robin Hood Tax * The idea behind the RHT is to generate hundreds of billions of dollars * That money could be used to kick-start the US economy and get America back on its feet * The RHT = 0. 5% tax on Wall Street transactions * Benefits: * It won’t affect the vast majority of Americans * It’s easy to enforce * It’s tough to evade * It taxes those who are to blame for the global financial crisis, rather than the average American * It will help limit riskless speculation that threatens financial stability The RHT is seen as justified as â€Å"the banks can afford it† * â€Å"It’s not a tax ON the people, it’s a tax FOR the people† * It will be implemented using a Financial Speculation (or Transaction) Tax (FST/FTT) * The FST is a small tax of less than half a percent on trades in derivatives, stocks, bonds and foreign currency * With an FTT, a small percent (between 0. 005% and 0. 5%) of the value of the trade is collected in tax revenue The tax will deter the most risky transactions and prevent some of the â€Å"gambling† which helped trigger the financial crisis * Why is the RHT needed? The financial crisis has left a massive hole in the US’s public finances and this needs to be filled. The money raised will generate jobs and strengthen public services * The money can also be used to fund new Green projects to help curb global climate change * Disadvantages The article is incredibly biased so it downplays this point: the tax will affect regular investors as well which could discourage normal people from investing * The tax will affect the value of pension funds, possibly discouraging trading which would see the value of pensions of many normal American’s fall * Banks may just past the cost of this tax onto the consumer * The affected companies may just move their business offshore or start trying to avoid other types of taxes * The tax could alter dealing s between US firms and other foreign firms.For example, foreign firms will be less likely to invest in the US markets * Overall that article was disgustingly bias but it does make a good point of taxing those who have the money and those who have put America (and the rest of the world) in the global financial mess its currently in * The RHT is also sometimes incorrectly called the ‘Tobin Tax’. The Tobin Tax is basically the RHT except it focuses solely on taxing financial taxation between countries to reduce rapid foreign investmentPAYE System Benefits| | Disadvantages| Simple| | Lack of accuracy| Provides real-time information to the government| | Reliance on Tax codes| Unavoidable| | No P45 form| Reduced the tax forms for employees| | Does not include Benefits in Kind (BIK)| No bad debt| | HMRC mistakes| Carbon Emissions Trading Scheme Benefits| | Disadvantages| Incentives for businesses to become environmentally friendly| | How many permits do you issue? What is the upper limit of pollution? Who decides? Reduces carbon emissions| | Low emission companies will have no incentive to reduce emissions further| Tax revenue for government| | Complicated system| Incentivises businesses to look for more environmentally friendly fuel sources innovation| | Inconsistent system| | | Higher costs for businesses passed onto consumers? | UK VAT System Benefits| Disadvantages| Difficult to avoid| Costly to implement| Simple| Users must be ‘tax savvy’| VAT is transparent| Regressive tax|Price does not increase when VAT is added| VAT is inflationary| Fairness| | Huge tax revenue for government| | VAT may be selectively applied| | Cheap admin costs for HMRC| | More efficient tool for macroeconomic policy than income taxes| | VAT charged on sale VAT charged on sale VAT paid on purchases VAT paid on purchases VAT Due VAT Due Input VAT Input VAT Output VAT Output VAT Exempt| Zero rated – 0%| Reduced rated – 5%| Standard Rated – 20%| Financial services| Cakes| Energy saving materials that are permanently installed (e. . loft insulation)| Too much to list| Insurance| Basic food| Mobility aids for the elderly| | Betting & Gambling| First aid| Nicotine patches + gum| | Education| Books| Sanitary protection products| | Burials/cremations| Children’s clothes| Fuels| | | Public transport| Protective equipment e. g. baby car seats| | | Books + Newspapers| | | The supply is taxable Can reclaim ALL input tax paid The supply is taxable Can reclaim ALL input tax paid

Blue Mountain Spring Water Final Case Study

Blue Mountain Spring Water Final Case Study Free Online Research Papers Blue Mountain Spring Water will increase our customer base and expand our distribution by reaching beyond the borders of Pennsylvania. We plan to start selling our product in the state of Florida, Georgia and other southern states by the end of this fiscal year. Our revenues over the past five years have provided us with a significant portion of the amount we need to expand our production facility to accomplish this task. As with any company we are always trying to improve our product and develop new product lines. Our research team currently is developing a new product line: flavored water with all natural ingredients. We are also developing a delivery service of our water. Our bottle design team has finished a 5 liter design that will be fitted to a water dispensing unit. These units will be rented to office buildings and houses for a very low cost per month. We will stop production on the 2 liter bottle. The machinery that was manufacturing the two liter will start producing the 5 liter bottles. 2. These two new product lines will increase our revenue by 15%. 3. We plan to donate 100 cases of our water to each school in the area around our facility. We will take out the soda and replace it with our water for a month. Nonfinancial Goals 1. New product line – Flavored water, 5 liter bottle and also distributing coffee machines that will be able to hook up to the 5 liter bottle. 2. Our new geographic market will be the southern states. 3. Along with our campaign when a consumer turns in 25 of the cardboard bottoms from our case they will receive a free case of our water. We are also starting another campaign, when they return 100 plastic bottles they will receive a free case of our water. We have joined together with a company that will grind up our bottle and recycle them into the raw form of plastic so we will be able to manufacture more bottles with purchasing any new raw materials. Core Competencies At Blue Mountain Spring Water we strive to go beyond what our competitors are offering as far as a product line and the price of their product. We have achieved this for the last five years and will continue to do so. We are continuing to develop new product ideas along with ways to make our production aspect run more efficiently. Product Strategy We are in the final stages of designing a 5 liter bottle with a water dispenser unit that will be rented to office buildings and available for sell to the home user. We are testing flavored water to see how the public would respond to this new product line Additional Competitive Factors Projected Sales 2010 $3.90 million 2011 $4.5 million 2012 $6 million Timeline Year 1 Launch of the â€Å"Junior† (8oz bottle) in retail packs of 12 Launch the 5 liter bottle and dispenser Year 2 Flavored water in the market Year 3 Coffee machines sold with our 5 liter bottle Blue Mountain Spring Water Marketing Plan Executive Summary This three year marketing plan has been developed to show where our company is heading and how we are going to get there. For us to reach these goals we had to obtain a loan to expand our facility to accommodate the additional machinery and storage that will be needed. We have been in business for the past five years and have showed a significant profit each year. The next coming three years will be no different. We are expanding our facility, along with our distribution area. We are introducing new products along with different sizes of our bottles. Financial Goals Blue Mountain Spring Water will increase our customer base and expand our distribution by reaching beyond the borders of Pennsylvania. We have several target markets; children for the age of 5 -13, active teen agers and the elderly. We plan to start selling our product in the state of Florida, Georgia and other southern states by the end of this fiscal year. Our revenues over the past five years have provided us a significant portion of the amount we need to expand our production facility to accomplish this task. The loan we have received has no interest for three years .We expect to have it paid back in full within two years. As with any company we are always trying to improve our product and develop new product lines. Our research team currently is developing a new product line: flavored water with all natural ingredients. We are also developing a delivery service of our water. Our bottle design team has finished a 5 liter design that will be fitted to a water dispensing unit. These units will be rented to office buildings and houses for a very low cost per month. We will stop production on the 2 liter bottle. The machinery that was manufacturing the two liter will start producing the 5 liter bottles. We are also investigating doing a cross promotion with local area dealers who have their coffee machines placed in office buildings. We have proposed to these companies’s let us supply the water for your product. We are in the process of find dealers who only deal with high quality coffee. We don’t want our name to be tarnished. These new product lines will increase our revenue by 15%. We plan to donate vending machines and stock those with our water free for a year in each grade school in the area around our facility. This has also been proposed to different schools in the new area we are going to distribute in. As will be described below, we have joined together with a company that will grind up our used bottles and recycle them into material we will be able to make more bottles out of. The raw form of plastic is very dependent on the price of oil. Given the current situation of oil prices today and the possibility of another disaster on an oil rig, This process of grinding up used bottles will save us money. The cost of this process will be a fraction of the cost of being new raw materials. Nonfinancial Goals New product line – Flavored water, 5 liter bottle and also distributing coffee machines that will be able to hook up to the 5 liter bottle. Our new geographic market will be the southern states. Along with our campaign when a consumer turns in 25 of the cardboard bottoms from our case they will receive a free case of our water. We are also starting another campaign, when they return 50 plastic bottles to a local recycling center they will receive a coupon for a free case of our water. We have joined together with a company that will grind up our bottle and recycle them into the raw form of plastic. This company will sanitize and clean each bottle before the grinding process. This will allow us to manufacture bottles with purchasing any new raw materials. This will keep our costs down and the price of our product the same. Core Competencies At Blue Mountain Spring Water we strive to go beyond what our competitors are offering as a product line and the price of their product. We have achieved this for the last five years and will continue to do so. We are continuing to develop new product ideas along with ways to make our production aspect run more efficiently. With our new product lines we will not sacrifice quality to manufacture a product that doesn’t meet our high standards. This is also true for the partnerships we are going to develop with other companies. We are only going to do business with companies that have the same high standards that we have. Opportunities Distribute to the active over 55 communities within our region and the southern states Place mountain spring water in vending machines in local grade schools. We plan to donate the machines and stock. The water will be free for a year. Place cartoon labels on the â€Å"Junior† (8oz bottle) in retail packs of 12 Threats There is the constant fear another company trying to sell a better product will steal our loyal customers away. Public feels that mountain spring water is nothing but tap water. Public will start to drink other beverages Company gets too big for its own good. Management gets spread too thin Competitive Factors We feel that with our new plans to have five liter bottles in office buildings and available for home use. Along with joining in a cross promotion with area coffee machine dealers, will make our name much more visible. These opportunities provide us to attract more customers. Target Market Blue Mountain Spring Water has noticed an increased growth with the 65+ age group. If we want to keeps this trend going in an upward motion we have to expand our marketing outside of our existing area. Our company will have to start a concentrated marketing strategy in these southern states. Our strategy is quite simple we will place our product on the shelves of the local pharmacy. We performed data mining on three of the biggest pharmacy’s in the south, Walgreens’, Rite Aid and CVS and found that the majority of their customers are in our target group. When a prescription is filled, the doctor recommends that the patient starts immediately taking the prescription. Our strategy is to provide each elderly person who picks up a prescription a bottle of our water at half price. By doing so our product will become a house hold name. We also are going to target the children ages 5 to 13 with our â€Å"Junior† size bottles. These bottles will have a variety of cartoon characters on them. They will also be able to be placed in lunch boxes or bags. The active teenager market is also a huge area for us to explore. With more teenagers getting involved in sports and be more active, they will need to replenish their fluids. We will have poster with the detail information on why it’s healthier to drink water instead of soda after a sport’s activity. These posters will also have a web site where they can go and receive all the information on why water is so important. We will also continue to market to our biggest group, the active consumers between the ages of 18 to 49. Product Strategy We are in the final stages of designing a 5 liter bottle with a water dispenser unit that will be rented to office buildings and available for sell to the home user. We are testing flavored water to see how the public would respond to this new product. We are investigating area coffee dealers who supply coffee machine to office building. We are offering to do a cross promotion with them if they use our water with their machines. In exchange we have asked that the coffee dealers provide Blue Mountain Spring Water with 1 pound packages of coffee. We will place these packages in specially marked cases of our water. Distribution strategy We are now going to start selling our product in southern states. For us to sell our product in this new area we will have to rent a warehouse. Our refrigerated trucks will deliver water to the refrigerated warehouse where it will have a quick turnover. Water will not sit for more than five days in the warehouse. We will scan each pallet of water as it arrives with our computer controlled inventory system. This will allow us to keep track of each pallet of water and make sure no pallet is older than five days. This is also true for 5 liter bottles. We will have our locally refrigerated trucks make the delivers to the stores, every three weeks. Our truck drivers will stock the shelves; if any of our water is over two weeks old our drivers will remove these cases will be removed from the shelves. Each case has a best by used date stamped on each case. The cases that have expired will be donated to local homeless shelters and other area community shelters. Promotional Strategy Our promotional strategy will take place in fall and run for a week. We will have three displays in the northern states. One will be on college campuses and the other two will be placed inside malls at major cities, in neighboring states around Pennsylvania. The college campuses will be Ohio State. There will be three more displays in Florida, in cities were are target group, the elderly, are located. We will place ads on the side of public transportation, signs placed on the side of bus stops and billboard signs on the highway, a few weeks before our promotion starts. The advertisement will have a picture of our product along with our slogan, â€Å"Blue Mountain is Nature’s Fountain† With the statement â€Å"Come taste Nature’s fountain Saturday September 18 through Saturday September 25†. We will advertise that free samples will be available.The advertisement will have the prices of our various sizes of our water; our product is placed in eco-friendly b ottles; for just stopping by you will receive a coupon for a free case of water. Our display will be of a mountain 10 feet high with water flowing down it. It will collect in a pool at the bottom and be recalculated to the top. The mountain stream will be lined with plastic as well as the man-made lake. The lake will be contained in a huge plastic tub. We will have professional landscapers landscape the display to transform it into a life like mountain landscape. We will provide samples to prospective customers form one of the five liter bottles that are attached to the water dispensing units. There will be no water sitting on the tables waiting for someone to drink it. The samples will be handed out fresh. We will have employees walking around the area where the display is handing out the free coupons for the free case of water. Having the five liter bottles with the dispensing unit on display will give the consumer a chance to see these units before they buy one or tell their office manager about them. Business cards will be printed up and handed out to any customer who is interested in one of these units. Pricing Strategy Our product has been on the market for five years and we have experienced excellent revenue. We must develop a new pricing strategy since Blue Mountain Spring Water is going to be sold in new areas around the country. We must keep our product reasonably priced so we don’t drive away our very large loyal customer base while attracting new customers. This will be accomplished with four pricing objectives: profitability, volume, meeting competition and prestige objectives. Profitability – This will be accomplished by delivering our product to the new target areas. We have run promotional events in all the areas and our advertizing billboards will remain visible for quite some time in these areas. We have established a strong foothold in the water business with our various sizes of bottles. With the marketing campaign we have started to promote our 500 and 750 ml bottles we will expand our lead over any other manufacture who also sells the same size bottles. While doing this we must also continue strong growth with our 1 and 2 liter bottles. Our engineering department is always looking for ways to increase efficiency while cutting down on the cost. Volume – As stated we have seen excellent revenue growth just in the select area we have been selling to in the last five years. Now we have expanded our area by ten times. With this expansion our selling volume will naturally increase. We will experience an increase production cost, such as manufacturing, storing and transportation. The selling volume has increased which will offset these cost increases. Meeting Competition – We understand that the water business is a very competitive business and the competition is always trying to sell their product at a lower price than the next guy. Our cases of water will have something the others don’t. We offer two ways to receive a free case of our water, return 25 of the cardboard bottoms or 50 used bottles. Projected Sales Projected Sales 2010 $3.90 million 2011 $4.5 million 2012 $6 million Timeline Year 1 Launch of the â€Å"Junior† (8oz bottle) in retail packs of 12 Launch the 5 liter bottle and dispenser Year 2 Flavored water on the market Year 3 Coffee machines sold with our 5 liter bottle Research Papers on Blue Mountain Spring Water Final Case StudyAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfThe Hockey GameThe Spring and AutumnThe Project Managment Office SystemPETSTEL analysis of IndiaOpen Architechture a white paper

Manco Incas Rebellion (1536-1544)

Manco Incas Rebellion (1536-1544) Manco Inca’s Rebellion (1535-1544): Manco Inca (1516-1544) was one of the last native lords of the Inca Empire. Installed by the Spanish as a puppet leader, Manco grew increasingly angry at his masters, who treated him with disrespect and who were plundering his empire and enslaving his people. In 1536 he escaped from the Spanish and spent the next nine years on the run, organizing a guerrilla resistance against the hated Spanish until his assassination in 1544. Ascent of Manco Inca: In 1532, the Inca Empire was picking up the pieces after a long civil war between brothers Atahualpa and Huscar. Just as Atahualpa had defeated Huscar, a far greater threat approached: 160 Spanish conquistadors under Francisco Pizarro. Pizarro and his men captured Atahualpa at Cajamarca and held him for ransom. Atahualpa paid, but the Spanish killed him anyway in 1533. The Spaniards installed a puppet Emperor, Tupac Huallpa, upon Atahualpas death, but he died shortly thereafter of smallpox. The Spanish selected Manco, a brother of Atahualpa and Huscar, to be the next Inca: he was only about 19 years old. A supporter of the defeated Huscar, Manco was lucky to have survived the civil war and was thrilled to be offered the position of Emperor. Abuses of Manco: Manco soon found that serving as puppet emperor did not suit him. The Spaniards who controlled him were coarse, greedy men who did not respect Manco or any other native. Although nominally in charge of his people, he had little real power and mostly performed traditional ceremonial and religious duties. In private, the Spanish tortured him to make him reveal the location of more gold and silver (the invaders had already carted off a fortune in precious metals but wanted more). His worst tormentors were Juan and Gonzalo Pizarro: Gonzalo even forcibly stole Mancos noble Inca wife. Manco tried to escape in October of 1535, but was recaptured and jailed. Escape and Rebellion: In April of 1836 Manco tried to escape again. This time he had a clever plan: he told the Spanish that he had to go officiate at a religious ceremony in the Yucay Valley and that he would bring back a golden statue he knew of: the promise of gold worked like a charm, as he had known it would. Manco escaped and summoned his generals and called for his people to take up arms. In May, Manco led a massive army of 100,000 native warriors in a siege of Cuzco. The Spanish there only survived by capturing and occupying the nearby fortress of Sachsaywaman. The situation turned into a stalemate until a force of Spanish conquistadors under Diego de Almagro returned from an expedition to Chile and dispersed Mancos forces. Biding His Time: Manco and his officers retreated to the town of Vitcos in the remote Vilcabamba Valley. There, they fought off en expedition led by Rodrigo Orgoà ±ez. Meanwhile, a civil war had broken out in Peru between the supporters of Francisco Pizarro and those of Diego de Almagro. Manco waited patiently in Vitcos while his enemies made war on one another. The civil wars would eventually claim the lives of both Francisco Pizarro and Diego de Almagro; Manco must have been pleased to see his old foes brought down. Manco’s Second Rebellion: In 1537, Manco decided it was time to strike again. Last time, he had led a massive army in the field and had been defeated: he decided to try new tactics this time. He sent out word to local chieftains to attack and wipe out any isolated Spanish garrisons or expeditions. The strategy worked, to an extent: some Spanish individuals and small groups were killed and travel through Peru became very unsafe. The Spanish responded by sending another expedition after Manco and traveling in larger groups. The natives did not succeed, however, in securing an important military victory or driving the hated Spanish out. The Spanish were furious with Manco: Francisco Pizarro even ordered the execution of Cura Ocllo, Manco’s wife and a captive of the Spanish, in 1539. By 1541 Manco was once again in hiding in the Vilcabamba Valley. Death of Manco Inca: In 1541 the civil wars broke out again as supporters of Diego de Almagros son assassinated Francisco Pizarro in Lima. For a few months, Almagro the Younger ruled in Peru, but he was defeated and executed. Seven of Almagros Spanish supporters, knowing they would be executed for treason if captured, showed up in Vilcabamba asking for sanctuary. Manco granted them entrance: he put them to work training his soldiers in horsemanship and the use of Spanish armor and weapons. These treacherous men murdered Manco sometime in mid-1544. They were hoping to gain a pardon for their support of Almagro, but instead they were quickly tracked down and killed by some of Mancos soldiers. Legacy of Manco’s Rebellions: Mancos first rebellion of 1536 represented the last, best chance the native Andeans had of kicking out the hated Spanish. When Manco failed to capture Cuzco and annihilate the Spanish presence in the highlands, any hope of ever returning to native Inca rule collapsed. Had he captured Cuzco, he could have tried to keep the Spanish to the coastal regions and maybe force them to negotiate. His second rebellion was well thought-out and did enjoy some success, but the guerrilla campaign did not last long enough to do any lasting damage. When he was treacherously murdered, Manco was training his troops and officers in Spanish methods of warfare: this suggests the intriguing possibility that had he survived he many have eventually used the Spanish weapons against them. With his death, however, this training was abandoned and future rogue Inca leaders such as Tà ºpac Amaru did not have Mancos vision. Manco was a good leader of his people. He initially sold out to become ruler, but swiftly saw that he had made a grave mistake. Once he escaped and rebelled, he did not look back and dedicated himself to removing the hated Spanish from his homeland. Source: Hemming, John. The Conquest of the Inca London: Pan Books, 2004 (original 1970).

Past and Present Politics and Development Research Paper

Past and Present Politics and Development - Research Paper Example In his tour, he learnt that the natives were always hostile to the new people who purportedly brought in new blood into the political organization and development practices of the natives. In the early years, missionaries played a predominant role in changing the political and organizational scenario of the places where they went. The traveling of missionaries to places that had not developed economically marked the beginning of civilization and modernization in most undeveloped or underdeveloped societies. It was only after the insurgence of missionaries that native undeveloped societies began to embrace peace, governance, professionalism such as teaching, soldiers, doctors and bureaucrats all of whom contributed to the common good of the societies. Diamond (1999) believed that the first step to the true development of the society was through the practice of agriculture on commercial basis. Given that the ancient people and not so long ago the undeveloped states had no regular econo mic specialization and land was subdivided among group members and subgroups, the political organization was considered egalitarian. ... d since Eurasia which was blessed with local/indigenous domestic able grain cereals and animals that facilitated traction animals like the donkeys and bulls. This encouraged the development of commercial large scale agriculture which enabled economic growth and also stratified societies such that there emerged social classes. Reasons for Lack of Single or Complex \political Organizations Although Diamond argued that states â€Å"expand and develop based on their level of agricultural practice and that this happens in a virtuous circle† (1999, p. 266), there have been occurrences that counter his argument which in Diamond’s view was assumed and therefore needs to be added to the theory of why states develop and expand. Therefore, it implies that, instead of states eventually growing to large and more complex organizations, there is either unequal growth of societies into becoming on single large complex organization or eventual stagnation of states. This lack of large an d more complex organizations are attributed to internal factors within the States themselves; a fact Diamond does not incorporate in his theory. The first reason is based on the fact that political organizations are slowly, but steadily emerging that is not necessarily egalitarian in nature. In other words the states themselves are greedy and are often unwilling to distribute public funds that are supposed to facilitate growth of complex organizations. Secondly, given the divergent states interests, it is hard or perhaps impossible for the world to attain a single world or complex organization that Diamond proposes (Diamond 1999, p. 290). In the face of democracy and human rights, political organizations and by far autonomy is slowly revolving into a new era of leadership and political authority. In the

Business law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words - 4

Business law - Essay Example Despite the fact that most of these laws are poorly implemented and enforced, those concerned with international business cooperation and trade are relatively clear and well applied. There is also evidence showing that after the 2003 leadership succession in china, from the third generation to the fourth generation, there was a launch of a new wave of economic legislation to advance the economic reform as well as reforming and building up the legal reforms in the country. The key driving factor to the new economic laws in china is attributed to the requirements of the world trade organization (WTO). Being part of the membership of the WTO, China has an obligation to meet the rules and regulations as stipulated under the penal code of the WTO (ECOVIS 2014). The most pressing rules and regulations that each member of the WTO is obliged to implement are concerned with the governance of trade as well as those related with other economic activities. As a result, its entry into the WTO, Ch ina has since strived to implement its business law to conform to the agreement with the WTO to meet its international obligations. This essay will attempt to critically discuss how China’s accession to the WTO in 2001 has reshaped its legal environment on the business regulation. In preparing to join the WTO, china initiated the overall process of reviewing its existing laws and regulations. Slightly either before the year 2000 ended, most of the administrative measures and the state council or ministries annulled regulations. Right from the time China became the member of the WTO, it has hastened its activities of revising its current laws and regulations. according to available literature reviews, china had by the year 2002 revised 37 administrative regulations and 14 laws, annulled a total of 12 administrative regulations, changed about 1,000 departmental rules and measures, and suspended a total of 34 relevant documents. At the time being, china had to timely adopt

Website Migration Project Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Website Migration Project - Term Paper Example I will use The internet-based architecture in this project ,because it is the best solution for online purchasing . HTML based website is used for the user interface, and through the internet the website is connected to the main server.shifting the responsibility for the interface from the client to the server simplifies the process of data transmission and results in lower hardware costs and complexities. The support operations include maintenance. The website will have to be maintained constantly. This is done regularly to ensure that the system is up and running and that the information is up to date. This will be done by the technical staff in direction with the web master.Now that the website will be used by clients to make purchases and order items, another support operation that need to be included is updating the products and their prices. clients will have to be informed of what is there in the store what is lacking. This will enable them to order for items which are availab le in the store. This will be done by the technical staff in collaboartyion with the sales team. Another vital operation that will be done is checking and updating security status of the website. With web security becoming an important aspect of IT, it is important to ensure that security is upto date and that the transaction and the payment process of the clients is secured. With many hackers targeting unsuspecting buyers online, it is important to secure the website and make sure that it is safe always.

Construction of Information Engine

Construction of Information Engine Coiza Making sense of information   1. Introduction I more or less run my life directed by information from the Internet. I check the weather, check the traffic, look for places to go, look for reviews for the places, get updates from my friends and work and browse lots of information from many other sources. The information I am interested in depends on many factors including the time of the day, my location, whether it is a work day or a weekend, whether I am at home or on vacation. Indeed many times the information I am interested is prompted by information I have already discovered. For example, on a work day I might check the weather and, if it looks like rain, check the availability of trains to get me home (well I wouldnt want to get wet!). Technology like Google Now do a great job of automating information assimilation by guessing what information relevant is relevant to me. The challenge of this type of technology is that assimilation, particularly across many information sources, can be complex and not easy to guess. An alternative approach is to explicitly define the rules by which information is assimilated in a way that can then be automatically processed by what I call Information Engines. In this article I want to talk about an Information Engine that I have constructed called Coiza. Coiza is built around information channels that can be subscribed to and which display information as feeds like those used by Facebook and Twitter. Channels may display raw information, for example a news channel (like the BBC), or may display information resulting from combining information, for example location and Wikipedia summaries for that location. Channels can produce any information including context information like location and time of day. The most interesting feature of Coiza is that it allows the definition of new channels based on existing channels and rules on how the information from the existing channels gets used to produce information from a new channel. 2. Viewing Channels Channels can be subscribed to within Coiza. Depending on the channel it may be necessary to supply parameter values and/or authorisations for Coiza to access private information (e.g. Google Calendar) using the OAuth protocol. Once channels have been subscribed to then information is displayed from that channel in a feed like format where the feed is hidden if there is no information to display. 3. Creating Channels Viewing channels is where most users will spend the majority of the time, but the richness of channels available to view is enabled by ability to build new channels with relative ease. Any user within Coiza can create and publish channels by writing CoizaLang code. CoizaLang code consists of two primary constructs: Info A model of a piece of information that is either consumed or produced by a channel and can be rendered within feeds. Channel Consumes zero or more info flows, emits a single info flow, and defines rules for producing the output flow. Channels may be nested within each other. 3.1 Building Infos Here is an example of a CoizaLang info for Message illustrating the key features of infos. Firstly like all constructs, infos live within a namespace, or package, in this case coiza since it is supplied as part of the coiza platform. All infos (and for that matter channels) must live in a namespace beginning with the username of the coiza user that created it which in my case is jwillans. Infos can subtype, or extend, other infos which, as we shall see a bit later, allows the same instance of a type to play different roles depending on the channel using it. In this example Message subtypes TitledContent and, in addition to having the link and author fields defined locally, title and content fields are inherited through the sub type relationship. Fields can be typed using primitive values or other info types. A further important feature of infos is the optional render block which defines how infos are turned into html for display within a feed. When a subscribed channel is displayed (see the screenshot in Section 2) the supplied feed is a result of turning infos into html using the render block. Render blocks support a subset of html along with the ability to reference and navigate info fields using a small expression language. 3.2 Building Channels Channels are the bread and butter of coiza. A CoizaLang channel has zero or more input ports, a single output port, all of which are typed by infos. The job of a channel is to produce output infos often as a result of processing input infos. The resulting infos can then either be displayed as feeds, assuming the channel has being subscribed to, and/or used as the input to a further channel. In this way networks of channels can be created building on one another. 3.2.1 Getting the news Here is a simple example of a channel which does not do any processing directly but wraps the existing channel RSSFeedProvider to define a BBC news channel. I sometimes call these types of channels assembly channels. RSSFeedProvider is one of a number of channels that hook in to externally supplied data, in this case getting information from an RSS feed. Other example of external data channels in coiza includes Google Calendar, IMAP email, LinkedIn, current location, Wikipedia, currency converters à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ and the list is growing all the time. From a coiza point of view these behave exactly like any other (user defined) channel. Like infos, channels are named and live within a package namespace. A channel can have zero or more parameters which are declared in the parenthesis after the channel name (line 5). In the case of the BBC News channel no parameters are required. However RSSFeedProvider does have a single string parameter defining the RSS feed location, and the URL of the BBC news feed is supplied as an argument to the RSS feed (line 7). This BBC News channel has no input ports but defines a single output port (line 9) which simply takes the output of RSSFeedProvider. By the way, although it cannot be seen from the above code, RSSFeedProvider produces infos of type Message which we covered in the previous section. 3.2.2 Filtering the news Lets get more adventurous and explore some of the other features of CoizaLang. Suppose we wanted to filter the news by title, we could define a further channel as follows: FilteredTitle demonstrates a parameterised channel, requiring a filter string, with both input (+) and output (-) ports and a body that does some processing. Note how the ports are typed as Titled infoswhich is the base type Message subtypes thereby enabling this channel to filter titles on any type that extends Titled including Messages. The body of the channel iterates over all the incoming infos from feed and filters them using a pattern (line 11) which essentially says that an info must be of type Titled and the title field must contain the value of filter. Any matching infos are emitted to the output port. Now that we have a filter channel we can create a new assembly channel to filter the BBC news leveraging the two channels we have created. Most of the features of this channel has been illustrated previously, the one new feature is the wire declaration (line 14) which, as you may guess, defines how output ports are connected to input ports. In this case how the output of the BBC news channel is the input of the filter title channel. The output of this channel is then the output of the assembly channel (line 12). 3.2.3 Publishing the news During developing a channel it is possible to test the channel in order to ensure it works as designed as shown below. For a user channel to be subscribable, and used outside of testing, then it is important to guarantee that it is not going to change. To do this, a channel must be published which then prevents change. Before publication can happen, all infos or channels that are referenced by the channel must also be published and the channel must not have any type checking issues (there is no sense in publishing a channel that wont work). Unpublishing can only take place if the construct being unpublished has no dependents either in the form of other constructs or user subscriptions. If a change is required to a published channel with dependents then the only approach is to create a new version of that channel (or indeed info). We have created a couple of channels BBC News and Filtered BBC News that once published can be subscribed to by any user. Rather than the user having to search for the CoizaLang channel name (i.e. BBCNews or FilteredBBCNews) it is possible to give the channel a user friendly name along with a description which are both used as part of the search for subscribable channels mechanism. 3.2.4 Tell me in the morning Youve probably got a handle now on how coiza works and how anyone can build channels and those channels once published can either be subscribed to or used as a basis of further channels. By way of a final example, if Bob Brown publishes a channel to filter based on the time of day, then we can create another BBC News channel which filters both on the title and the time of day. 4. Summary I have talked about how Information Engines can help bring information together into a form that is more appropriate to what the users is interested in knowing, and I have walked through an example of an Information Engine I have constructed called Coiza. Hopefully Coiza looks useful and you will consider becoming a subscriber to the rich array of channels that are beginning to be defined or indeed define one or more channel for yourself. Finally in case you were wondering why is Coiza called Coiza it comes from the Portuguese word coisa meaning thing!

Role Models in The Odyssy Essay -- Homer

Role models come in all shapes and sizes. In the epic poem The Odyssey, written by Homer, Odysseus faces many challenges in which he has to use certain traits of his to overcome his problems. Odysseus is a good role model because he is brave, intelligent, and unwavering. One of Odysseus’ traits is bravery. One example of Odysseus’ bravery is when he injures a Cyclops that is 5 times his size, â€Å"I drew it from the coals and my four fellows/ gave me a hand, lugging it near the Cyclops/ as more than natural force nerved them, straight forward they sprinted, lifted it, and rammed it/ deep in his crater eye. 329-332† This quote shows how brave Odysseus and his men are to face the Cyclops. Odysseus was intelligent to think about this idea, but he was brave for actually following through and doing it. Odysseus was also brave for fighting Penelope’s suitors even when he was outnumbered, â€Å"Now shrugging off his rags the wiliest fighter of the islands/ leapt and stood on the broad doorsill, his own bow in his hand/ he poured out at his feet a rain of arrows from the quiver/ and spoke to the c...

Health Disparities Among the Poor Essay

On this era, everybody depends on technology when communicating, especially on cell phones. These devices are known all over the world, and they are also used for entertainment, and to be updated with the latest news. Calling and Texting are the main methods that people use to communicate with friends, family, and others when using their cell phones. Calling has been popular since mid-1900s, but has been taken its popularity by texting since the beginning of the 20th century. Factors like the tone, and the fact that the people involved in the conversation can hear each other’s voices make a phone call more personal. Calling, should be used when the objective is to start a full conversation, argument, or a work related discussion. Though, if the objective is to confirm something, tell a quick message, or ask a short question, texting would be the proper choice. Texting is more impersonal than calling; there are no other factors involved on the conversation than what you see on the screen, the text. There is no easy way to feel, or identify the other person’s emotions in a text message clearly. Texting is a misused form of communication if the objective is to spend hours on the phone, give important news, or express a strong emotion. Calling can only take place if the person that makes the call has the other person’s phone number, and if the receiver of the call takes it. On the other hand, texting compares to sending constant e-mails, there are many social medias where you can text or send a private message via internet, or having the other person’s phone number as well. Even though the receiver of the message does not see the text right away, he or she will eventually see it, and hopefully respond. Texting can be a threat to your life. About 6,000 deaths and a half a million injuries are caused by distracted drivers every year. Phone calls are safer while driving; there are Bluetooth devices that allow you to talk while both of the driver’s hands are on the wheel, and eyes are on the road. Most phones also have a speaker option where the sound increases and drivers do not need to hold the phone. Texting and Calling are two effective methods of communicating when used at the right time, place, and situation.

Theoretical Perspectives of Race and Ethnicity

Theoretical Perspectives of Race and Ethnicity Rebecca Spain ETH/125 April 4th, 2010 Melissa Terrell The three sociological theoretical perspectives of race and ethnicity are the functionalist, conflict, and labeling perspectives. The functionalist perspective is the perspective that shows how parts of society work in a structured manner to keep the survival of a society. The belief is that if a certain part does not contribute to society’s survival in an effective manner that it will not move form one generation to the next. (Schaefer, 2006). The conflict perspective is the perspective that society thrives on the conflict and struggles between social groups that compete against one another. The struggles and disputes mainly pertain to the dominant groups against the subordinate groups. (Schaefer, 2006). The final perspective is the labeling perspective which is the perspective that shows why one person’s accountability can be different from another person even though they are engaging in the same behaviors. (Schaefer, 2006). The three perspectives are all quite different in their theories. The labeling perspective stereotypes a group by gender, religion, race, or ethnic group instead of the actual behavior that takes place. For instance two people commit the same crime but one is wealthy and white and the other is poor and African American. The wealthy white person is to be given another chance based on their status and the dominant group that they belong to. The African American should be punished based on their status and the subordinate group they belong to. The conflict perspective is way more extreme than the functionalist and labeling perspectives. In the conflict perspective the dominant and subordinate groups are in a constant battle for power. The dominant group ignores and exploits the minority groups and continually will be able to get away with doing so because of the status of the dominant group versus the status of the minority group. The functionalist perspective is not as extreme as the conflict perspective and wants to understand why certain functions and systems continue in spite of opposition. The functionalist perspectives seem to have the theory that if ne group does not contribute to society’s survival that they will not proceed to carry on to the next generation. Functionalists do believe that some negative can be positive such as discrimination between races and ethnic groups. However these dysfunctions can cause conflict and instability in a set society. (Schaefer, 2006). The minorities in the labeling perspective seem to be stereotyped and discriminated against. The dominant group has the upper hand a nd will persevere when conflict arises because of their social status, racial and ethnic group. These certain groups that are being discriminated against may lose out on participating in certain events, activities, or jobs. These negative stereotypes can eventually lead to the social norm and can have a negative effect on society as a whole. The dominant group establishes too much power and that their stereotyping in correct and valid so they will proceed to do it. (Schaefer, 2006). The minorities in the conflict perspective become ignored and exploited by the dominant group. They are left fighting for certain social, political, and economical powers that they do not have but the dominant group has control of. The dominant group has power and control over certain political, economical, and social aspects and of more importance than the minority group and their subordiation is ignored by society. (Schaefer, 2006). The minorities in the functionalist perspective will not continue into the next generations if they can not contribute to society’s survival in an effective manner. According to this perspective that is how it should operate however there are still plenty of minorities and racial discrimination that still occurs. The dominant group can survive even though there is still discrimination even if it is negative because the belief is that the negative and can be a positive for both the minority and the dominant groups. The dominant groups believe they are not responsible for problems faced by the minorities and they also will not allow minorities to question their own status because that would be questioning society itself. However these dysfunctions can cause strife between classes and minorities as well as tension, disputes and disrupts the peace of society. In theory all of these perspectives can keep the minorities from achieving possibly high status, jobs, or respect because they have been considered inferior for so long. (Schaefer, 2006). References Schaefer, R. T. (2006). Racial and Ethnic Groups: Understanding Race and Ethnicity. Prentice-Hall: Pearson Education Inc.